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By L. A. SIMMONS. 



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ST. LOUIS . 

OLIVER ADAMS & CO., PEINTERS, 16 SOUTH FIFTH STREET. 

1876. 



.5 



.53 



Entered according to an act of Congress, in the year 1875, by L. A. Sim- 
mons, in the office of tlie Librarian ol Congress, at 
Washington. AU rights reserved. 



THE CENTENNIAL 



lisik'sCiiiioiiaiK 




CHAPTER L 
Introduction, 

Although nearly ten years ago Prof. John L. Camp- 
bell, of Indiana, in a letter to the Hon. Morton McMichael, 
then Mayor of Philadelphia, suggested the idea of an 
International Exhibition of the arts, sciences and indus- 
tries of the world, in connection with the celebration of 
the centennial anniversary of our nation's birthday, still 
the grand scheme did not assume a tangible and definite 
form until, by the act of Congress of March 3, 1871, it 
was determined that the one hundredth anniversary of 
American Independence should be celebrated by holding 
an International Exhibition of arts, manufactures and the 
products of the soils and mines of the world, in the City 
of Philadelphia, during the year A. D. , 1876. Since the 
passage of that act, the appointment of the United 
States Centennial Commission by the President, the invi- 
tation to the governments and people of all nations, and 



4 The Centennial Companion, 

tlie acceptance of tlie same very generally, tlie incorpor- 
ation of the Centennial Board of Finance by a subsequent 
act of Congress, the appropriations by Congress, by the 
City Council of Philadelphia and by the Legislatures of 
many of the States of the Union, have, through the 
public press, become quite generally known throughout 
the world-, and by the same means, as well as by views, 
cuts and engravings of the Centennial Buildings, a gen- 
eral and yet very indistinct idea has been formed of the 
preparations which are being made for the grandest cele- 
bration and exhibition ever held in this or in any other 
country. And further, though it must be generally 
known to a very largo portion of a people who are as in- 
telligent and as proud of their nation's history and pro- 
gress, as are the American, that the Delegates from the 
original thirteen colonies first assembled in Philadelphia 
and organized the Continental Congress ; that there the 
immortal Declaration of Independence was adopted, 
signed and promulgated ; that there the British army was 
quartered during the memorable winter of 1777-8 ; that 
there Franklin, Morris, Peters, Rittenhouse and other 
prominent actors in the great drama of the revolutionary 
struggle, which resulted in the establishment of national 
independence, lived and died; that there * 'Articles of 
Confederation," were adopted by the Colonial Congress, 
in 1777 ; that there was assembled that illustrious body 
of patriots and sages, the Constitutional Convention, 
over whom, he who was "first in war, first in peace and 
first in the hearts of his countrymen," the immortal 
Washington, presided, and who, on September 17, 1787, 
adopted that bond of perpetual Union, that bulwark of 



The Centennial Companion. 6 

human riglits, that guarantee of civil and religious lib* 
erty, the Constitution of the United States ; that there 
was the seat of Government, except when forced to other 
places during the revolutionary war, from 1774 to 1783 ; 
that there, George Washington, first President of the 
United States, on March 4, 1793, was inaugurated for 
his second term, and there closed his official career and 
delivered his farewell address, when John Adams, second 
President of the United States, was inaugurated, March 
4, 1797 ; that there William Penn, the founder of the 
great Centennial City, met the Indian nations and made 
beneath the great Elm Tree, a treaty of peace, the most 
remarkable in the history of the world, as one whose 
terms were never infringed, whose conditions and cove- 
nants were never broken ; that there are gathered and 
preserved many relics of revolutionary times, dear to 
every American heart ; that there, in a city, the second 
in size in America, which has miles of rectangles of 
solid buildings, several of the finest streets on the conti- 
nent, and which are decorated with the grandest speci- 
mens of modern architecture ; which has libraries and 
art collections equal, if not superior, to those of New 
York and Boston, and whose charitable institutions stand 
unrivalled, and that there many hundreds of thousands 
of the people of this great nation are soon to assemble 
to celebrate the nation's centennial birth day. Yet, al- 
though all these things are known to the many, there are 
thousands who reside in other and distant States who 
have never visited the Centennial City, who, perhaps, 
have never before passed beyond the boundaries of the 
State of their nativity, but who are resolved to attend 



6 The Centennial Companion. 

the great centennial celebration at Philadelphia, and vis- 
it the immense building prepared for the International 
Exhibition of the United States, and to them are many 
things which are unknown, many subjects upon which 
accurate information is earnestly desired before they start 
upon their journey, on their arrival and especially during 
the season they devote to the pleasures of the grand Cen- 
tennial. Hence, several months in advance of the open- 
ing of the International Exhibition we visited the ^'City 
of Brotherly Love," devoted several weeks to diligent 
inquiry and investigation, and in the following pages, in 
our feeble way, undertake to give in Part First, a brief, 
concise and definite description and the precise location 
of some, but by no means all of the objects of special in- 
terest to those who visit Philadelphia during the Centen- 
nial year; and in Part Second, reliable and definite 
directions how to reach the places which all visitors desire 
to see in the city and the Centennial Grounds, so as to 
behold all that is really worth seeing with as little ex- 
pense and inconvenience as possible. And further, we 
have sought to make our little work agreeable and inter- 
esting to the many thousands who are unable to visit 
Philadelphia next year, and who will depend upon the 
newspapers for all they know of the grand celebration. 



CHAPTER n. 

The City of Philadelphia, 

The original site of tlie city o£ Philadelphia, as planned 
by the Quaker Founder and surveyed by Thomas Holmes 
in 1682, extending from the bold shores of the Delaware 
River westward to the banks of Schuylkill, and from what 
is now South street on the south, to Vine street on the 
north, was a high, dry and quite nearly level tract of 
land covered with a heavy growth of timber, and as Penn 
himself expressed it, seemed **to have been appointed 
for a town." 

According to the intention of the worthy founder, 
Front street, running north and south and along the 
bluffs of the Delaware, was to be the building limit to 
the eastward, and the descent from it to the river was to 
be laid off in walks and lawns, so that the view of the 
deep clear stream might never be obstructed ; but the 
demands of commerce have long since filled this space 
with massive ware-houses on Water street, and ferry 
buildings and wharves, intrude upon the original current 
of the stream. By the same original plan the city was 
divided from east to west by a broad thoroughfare, which 
the founder named Market street, and north and south 
by one of extraordinary width called Broad street, and 
at the intersection of these central avenues, there were 



8 The Centennial Companion, 

originally four fine squares which in time came to be 
called Center Square. This subsequently became the seat 
of the City Water- Works, and is now the location of the 
new City Hall, not yet completed. The streets to the 
southward of Market, and parallel with it, upon the orig- 
inal plat, were Chestnut, Walnut, Locust, Spruce, Pine, 
Lombard and Cedar, now South street, while on the north, 
they were named. Filbert, Arch, Cherry, Race and Vine. 
Li West Philadelphia lying west of the Schuylkill, the 
same streets and names are extended, while to the north 
and south of the original plat, many streets are added, 
running parallel with those of the original survey. Thus 
north of Vine street are Callowhill, Buttonwood, Green, 
Coates, Brown, Poplar, Beaver and George streets, 
then Girard avenue, Thompson, Master, Jefferson and 
Oxford streets, next Columbia avenue, Montgomery 
avenue, then Berks, Norris and Diamond streets, Sus- 
quehanna avenue, Dauphin, York, Cumberland and 
Huntington streets, Lehigh avenue, Somerset, Cambria, 
Indiana and Clearfield streets, and finally Alleghany 
avenue — ^while to the southward we find Bainbridge, 
Catherine, Christian and Carpenter streets, then Wash- 
ington avenue, Federal, Wharton, Reed, Dickerson, 
Tasker, Morris, Moore, Mifflin, McKean, Snyder, Jack- 
son, Wolf, Ritner, Porter, Shunk, Oregon avenue, John- 
son Bigler, Pollock, Packer, Curtin, Geary and Hartranft 
streets. 

The streets running parallel with Front street are num- 
bered Second, Third, etc., and in West Philadelphia have 
attained the number sixty-fourth. Broad street takes 
the place of Fourteenth, as Front does the place of First 



The Centennial Companionm 9 

street. And here we maj call attention to the system of 
numbering the buildings which is of great service to the 
stranger in determining his whereabouts in the city, 
which consists in the correspondence between the 
number of the street and the numbers on the build- 
ings. Thus in starting westward up Market street from 
Front, when you pass Second street, the first building on 
the south side of the street is 200, the second building 
202, and so on, but when you cross Third street, the first 
building on the left is 300, the second 302, and so by 
the numbers at any street, a glance at any door or build- 
ing number by the hundreds, dropping the units and 
tens, gives the name of the street next eastward. On 
the streets running north and south, the city is divided 
by Market street. Thus North Eighth street extends 
from Market street northward, and the numbers of build- 
ings from Market street North and South are 1, 3, 5, 
but on crossing Chestnut to the South, or Arch to the 
North, the numbers commence 100, 102, etc., and upon 
crossing the next main street, commence with 200, at 
the next 300, and so on. 

The city has been continually enlarging its boundaries 
in the period of nearly two hundred years since it was 
laid out, now extending about twenty-three miles along 
the Delaware River, with an average breadth of upwards 
of five miles — and though the country over which it has 
extended is not so level, as the plateau which was at first 
surveyed and platted, that to the northward being cut 
through by creeks and ravines, by a vast amount of 
labor, ridges have been leveled and the smaller ravines 
filled or covered over so that a general level has been 



10 The Centennial Companion. 

attained, and the whole location is admired by all who 
traverse its many miles of streets. Besides the streets, 
intermingled with which there is occasionally an avenue, 
especially in the northern part of the city, there are a 
few partly crossing the city diagonally, — for instance 
Ridge avenue, which leaves Vine street near the corner 
of North Ninth street, and runs in a northwesterly direc- 
tion past Laurel Hill Cemetery, and thence on the east- 
ern bluff" of the Schuylkill to the city limits. 

Lancaster avenue in like manner runs from the inter- 
section of Market and Thirty- second streets, in West 
Philadelphia, in a northwesterly direction to Hestonville, 
and in the southern part of the city — Passyunk avenue 
starts from near the intersection of South and South 
Fifth streets, and leads in a southwesterly direction past 
Moyamensing Prison to Pt. Breeze Gas Works, on the 
Schuylkill. There are now included within the limits of 
the city of Philadelphia nearly one hundred and thirty 
square miles, which are traversed by more than six hun- 
dred miles of paved streets, which are lighted by about 
ten thousand lamps. 

The population of the city has been steadily increas- 
ing as is shown by the census returns, and it is now esti- 
mated at eight hundred thousand. That it is deemed an 
especially desirable place of residence, aside from the 
facilities which it aff'ords for commerce and manufactur- 
ing, may be considered as proven by the fact, that of its 
140,000 buildings, all but about ten thousand are dwell- 
ing houses, — a much larger proportion than in any city 
in the United States. 

The business houses of the city are mainly located on 



The Centennial Companion, 11 

Chestnut, Market and Arch streets, and the streets which 
intersect them as far back as Tenth street, and upon 
these great thoroughfares of trade there is a constantly 
moving mass of human beings each evidently following 
his or her '' favorite phantom." 

The wholesale business of the city is to a considerable 
extent confined to the streets nearest the Delaware, yet 
is in the course of years slowly advancing up Market 
street, and forcing retail dealers into other less promi- 
nent localities. 

But the especial beauty of the city is not its palatial 
stores, its stupendous warehouses and commercial marts, 
nor in the architectural beauty of its numerous public 
buildings, temples, colleges and charitable institutions, 
though these are among the most magnificent that adorn 
any city in the land, but in the solid blocks of three and 
four-story brick dwellings, often with marble and brown- 
stone fronts, with marble steps and white shutters, which 
succeed each other in almost unbroken succession for 
miles on many of the streets. Some of these blocks of 
private residences apparently containing all the essentials 
of comfort and convenience, have such an ornate and 
artistic finish in front, that many a stranger will pause 
for a long look upon them, as though to fasten upon the 
tablets of memory the pleasing effect which the sight has 
produced, to be recalled in later years. 

Certainly " the Founder" had but a vague and indis- 
tinct idea, of what the future would be of the city, which 
he laid out upon the western bluffs of the Delaware. 
Surely he could not have imagined that the quiet country 
town which he planned, filled with trees and gardens and 



12 The Centennial Companion, 

flowers, "would in less than two centuries become a great 
commercial emporium ; in which the din and bustle of 
trade would not cease by day or night ; in which every 
practicable application of machinery was made use of in 
producing the myriads of articles of necessity, luxury and 
commerce; in which colossal structures, rivalling those 
of the old world in solidity, durability and beauty, would 
arise on many of the principal streets ; in which would be 
found art collections, educational facilities, and above all 
charitable organizations, which stand unsurpassed in the 
world. But had he been able to foresee, what the city 
which he founded and named would have become in less 
than two centuries, his soul must have thrilled with joy 
in the thought of the great and noble work which he com- 
menced as he expressed it ' ' to afford an asylum to the 
good and oppressed of every nation" — where all could 
be free and happy. 

Philadelphia communicates hourly with Camden on 
the opposite side of the Delaware River, by six ferries, 
the most important of which is the West Jersey Ferry, 
whose boats are allotted five minutes to cross from one 
shore to other, landing their passengers from Market 
street, Philadelphia, in Market street, Camden. The 
Camden and Philadelphia Ferry is next in importance, 
connecting Market street, Philadelphia, with Federal 
street, Camden. South of this is Kaighn's Pt. Ferry, 
running its boats from the foot of South street, Philadel- 
phia to Kaighn's Pt., N. J., and Gloucester Ferry, run- 
ning from the same point to Gloucester, N. J. The 
Camden and Atlantic Ferry connects the foot of Vine 
street with State street in Camden, and from the foot of 



The Centennial Companion* 13 

Shackamaxon street, Kensington, a line of ferrj-boats 
run to North Camden. 

Along the Delaware front of the city, are the wharves 
of the several lines of steamships, viz. : the American 
line and Inman line, which run from Philadelphia to 
Liverpool, theKed Star line which runs to Antwerp, the 
Clyde's line, which has sixty steamers running coastwise 
and to the West Indies, and the Ericsson line, which 
has ten propellers running to Baltimore and New York. 

Besides these there are several beautiful river steam- 
ers, whose wharves are between Chestnut and Arch 
streets, some of which daily start for points up and down 
the river. Below the foot of Walnut street, we find the 
wharves of the Southern Mail Steamship line, and of the 
Albany, Providence and Boston lines. Besides the large 
number of sea-going vessels and oyster boats constantly 
lying at the wharves, and which are especially attractive 
to the visitors to Philadelphia, who come from the cen- 
tral and Western States, most, if not all will find many 
objects of especial interest at the Navy Yard formerly 
located at the foot of Federal and Wharton streets, but 
which is now removed by the U. S. Government, to 
League Island, still further down the river. Here are 
moored several of the Monitors, which were used during 
the late war, on the Potomac and other southern rivers, 
and the iron-clads used in reducing Ft. Sumter, Ft. Pick- 
ens, and the fortifications of Mobile Bay. The lofty and 
spacious buildings of the old Navy Yard have recently 
been taken down and the improvements being made at 
League Island, at Government expense, will occupy the 
attention of almost any visitor an entire daj. 



14 The Centennial Companion, 

An American city, of the size and importance of Phil- 
adelphia, whose commercial and manufacturing interests 
are so truly enormous, would be the wonder of this pro- 
gressive age, if it was not the center of a gigantic system 
of railroads, extending, if not directly, by its connections 
to every city of the Union. If this great and growing 
city had only the Pennsylvania Railroad, which has a 
terminus in all the great cities of the nation, it would not 
be lacking in this essential element of progress and pros- 
perity ; but it has six others of minor importance. 

In saying this we speak disparagingly of none, but 
the immense wealth of the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- 
pany, and the inimitable, not to say marvelous ability, 
enterprise and energy of its present President, Col. 
Thomas A. Scott, are very well understood throughout 
the whole country, as is also the fact that it wields an 
influence well-nigh irresistible wherever it extends its 
lines or establishes its connections. Owning two thous- 
and miles of road, possessing a capital of nearly 
$200,000,000, having workshops which cover an area of 
five hundi'ed acres with its thousands of passenger and 
freight cars, it is needless to say it does more business 
than any corporation in America. The principal pass- 
enger depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad is on the north 
side of Market street, between Thirtieth and Thirty- Second 
street, in West Philadelphia, but its immense freight 
business is done at the massive granite building situ- 
ated at the corner of Willing's alley on the east side of 
Fourth street, below Walnut. A better idea can be 
formed of the stupendous business done by this company 
by a visit to this depot, than from any possible descrip- 



The Centennial Companion. 15 

tion. The Philadelphia & Reading R. R. Company, 
whose passenger depot is at the corner of Callowhill 
and Thirteenth streets, have a fine brown stone freight 
depot on the north side of Willing's alley. This is also 
an opulent company, and the depots only separated by 
Willing's alley, are among the finest in the whole 
country. 

The North Pennsylvania Railroad has a passenger 
depot at the corner of Berks and American streets. The 
West Chester and Philadelphia Railroad depot is at the 
corner of Chestnut and Thirty-First streets. The Balti- 
more & Ohio Railroad depot, and the Philadelphia, Wil- 
mington & Baltimore Railroad depot are at the corner of 
Broad street and Washington avenue, in the southern 
part of .the city. The Germantown depot is located at 
Ninth and Green streets. Kensington depot, the ter- 
minus of one branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 
the city, is at the corner of Front and Berks streets. 

Passengers wishing to leave the city by the West 
Jersey Railroad, or by the Amboy Division of the Penn- 
sylvania Railroad, take the West Jersey ferryboat at the 
foot of Market street, and passengers wishing to leave 
upon the Camden & Atlantic Railroad, will take the ferry- 
boat at the foot of Vine street — -the passenger depots of 
these railroads being in Camden. 

We must confess our disappointment in not finding in 
the city a grand central railroad depot, in which the 
traveler could take the cars for the West, North or South. 

The city of Philadelphia was not tardy in adopting 
the modern and convenient mode of transit afforded by 
street cars, and line aft-er line has been established, until 



16 The Centennial Companion, 

a track has been laid in the centre of its principal streets; 
and any one who visits the city has only to understand 
the location and termini of the several lines to find a 
speedy and pleasant means of traversing the entire city 
and its suburbs. Several of the street car lines take their 
names from the streets upon which they are laid, and 
this at once directs the traveler as to what cars he should 
take to reach the locality he has in view. The name of 
the lines are upon all the cars, and the destination or 
terminus of the line, generally. 

In Paut Second we give the name of all these lines, 
and full and explicit directions for reaching depots, 
hotels, etc. 

We cannot close our brief, description of the Centen- 
nial City, without a word as to its public squares. Ac- 
cording to the original design of the Founder^ there 
were to be five public squares in the beautiful country 
town on the banks of the Delaware. 

The Central, known in early times as Centre Square, 
was at the intersection of Market and Broad streets, and 
besides the width of the streets, was composed of a 
smaller square taken from the corner of the four con- 
tiguous blocks. We have no account of this square ever 
having been fenced, or in any way improved, until the 
City Water Works were erected upon it in 1789. Within 
thirty years the capacity of these works became entirely 
inadequate to supply the wants of the city, and those 
upon the Schuylkill were constructed, since which time 
the buildings on the old square have been used for a 
variety of purposes until recently removed, and in the 



The Centennial Companion, 17 

course of three or four years the magnificent new City 
Hall and its courts will occupy the whole square. 

Washington Square, which lies between Sixth and Sev- 
enth streets, with a north front upon Walnut street, was 
used as a Potter's field from 1704 to 1795, and was not 
fenced in and improved until 1815. It has a circle of 
about eighty feet in diameter in the centre, surrounded 
by a broad gravel walk, upon which it was designed some 
forty years ago to erect a monument to Washington, but 
since the laying of the first corner stone, nothing has 
been done, and yet it is said the original design has not 
been abandoned, but will be carried into execution when 
sufficient funds have been accumulated. The square is 
surrounded by a high iron fence, is laid off with broad 
curving gravel walks, and the intervening grass plats, 
four of which are circles, are set with elm, ash, oak, 
sycamore and other forest trees, many of which are more 
than a foot in diameter and fifty feet in height. Along 
the walks are settees to accommodate a portion of the 
myriads who flock hither in search of fresh air and shade 
during the heat of summer. 

Eranklin Square is situated directly north of Wash- 
ington Square, between Race and Vine streets. It is 
traversed by gravel walks, and has in the center a circle 
of nearly the same dimensions as the one in Washington 
Square, surrounded by a low iron fence, and within this 
a small circle raised some three feet within a granite 
wall, in which is a central and four smaller fountains. 
The area between the walk around the fountains, and 
the iron fence of the larger circle is set with shrubbery 
and flowers, giving the whole a very neat and tasteful 

2 



18 The Centennial Companion, 

appearance. The fence, trees, seats, etc., are so nearly 
like those o£ Washington Square that further description 
is unnecessary. 

Logan Square lies directly west from Franklin Square, 
between North Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets. Its 
walks are entirely diJBferent from those of the above de- 
scribed squares, a broad gravel walk passing through the 
center from east to west and parallel with this toward the 
north and south sides, about two rods from the high iron 
fence, are walks of nearly the same width ; and upon the 
east and west sides, about one- third of the way from the 
fence to the centre, are similar walks. On both north and 
south sides of the center are large uninclosed circles 
surrounded by like gravel walks, and in the exact center a 
lofty flagstaff, from which streams the flag of our country 
on all public occasions. The trees in this square are of 
the same kind and size as in the other squares, but being 
set along the borders of the straight walks, extending 
entirely across the square, they give the walks some- 
what the appearance of an avenue arched with the over- 
reaching branches. This square is mainly surrounded 
by magnificent blocks of private residences, and the most 
striking feature of its surroundings are the stupendous 
brown-stone Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul, which 
stands across the street east of the southeast corner, 
and the Academy of Natural Sciences, a building of 
greenish gray stone of peculiar architecture, which is 
south of the southwest corner of the square. 

Rittenhouse Square is directly west of Washington 
Square, fi'onting to the north on Walnut street, and be- 
tween Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets. It is laid off 



The Centennial Companion, 19 

diJBfefently from tlie other squares, having a broad gravel 
walk within a few feet of the outside fence, in the center 
is a circular grass plat about eighty feet in diameter, en- 
circled by a gravel walk about twenty feet in width, and 
mid-way between this circular walk and the sidewalks 
is another broad circular walk, while the walks from 
the corners and sides of the square lead directly to 
the small circle in the center. Beautiful fountains adorn 
each of the corners, except the southwest. The trees 
are much like those in the other squares, though not 
quite so large, and we notice that there is a greater 
number of horse chestnuts than any other variety. Like 
the others, the beautiful, green, closely mown grass 
plats, the seats for the weary, the well kept walks and 
the abundance of forest trees command the admiration of 
all visitors, but the especial charm of this square is its 
elegant fountains. This square is mainly surrounded by 
blocks of beautiful residences. One of marble opposite 
the northwest corner, and the symmetrical brown stone 
block to the eastward, on the north side of the square, 
especially claim commendation. On the west side of 
Nineteenth street, west of the northwest corner of this 
square, the Holy Trinity Episcopal Church, a beautiful 
and majestic brown stone building with gothic steeple, 
will receive the rapt attention of ail who visit this lovely 
square. 

Jefferson Square is situated toward the southeastern 
part of the city, between Third and Fourth streets, Wash- 
ington avenue and Federal street. It has an entrance 
upon each side and at each corner, a circular plat in the 
center, around which is a broad gravel walk, from which 



20 The Centennial Coffipanion, 

walks lead directly to the sides, while those toward the 
corners curve so as to form a nearly heart-shaped plat 
between the center and each corner. The trees are wil- 
low, ash, maple, horse chestnut and aspen, and the square 
is not embellished by fountains or shrubbery. Good 
blocks of residences are upon the north, east and south , 
sides, and a large foundry on the west. 

The public squares of Philadelphia were named in 
honor of Washington, the Father of his Country, Jef- 
ferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, 
and Franklin, the philosopher, sage and statesman, as a 
just tribute to their memory and in commemoration of 
the invaluable services* rendered by each to their heloved 
country. Logan Square was so named in honor of 
James Logan, the confidential friend, agent and coun- 
selor of William Penn, and for a long period in the early 
history of the city, one of its most prominent and honored 
citizens. Rittenhouse Square, in like manner, perpetu- 
ates the memory of David Rittenhouse, the distinguished 
astronomer, mechanic, scholar and statesman, who was 
born in what is now a portion of Fairmount Park, and 
passed his whole life, which was devoted to science and 
the well-being of his fellow-citizens, in the city of 
* 'Brotherly Love." 



CHAPTER m. 

Objects of Historical Interest, 

At tlie end of an alley or court leading south from 
Chestnut street, between Third and Fourth streets, stands 
a plain, old-style building, in which on the fifth day of 
September, A. D., 1774, the delegates from the Thir- 
teen oppressed Colonies met, selected Peyton Ptandolph 
of .Virginia, their President, and proceeded to discuss 
the means of redress for their many grievances. Here 
Patrick Henry, John Adams and a score of their immor- 
tal compeers dared boldly to advocate an absolute and 
perpetual separation from the mother country, and by 
their solid reasoning and persuasive eloquence inspired the 
glorious idea of independence in the hearts of their coun- 
trymen. Truly Carpenter^s Hall must be a place dear 
to the heart of every patriotic American citizen, for here 
was hewn the first stone for our majestic Temple of 
Liberty. The building was nearly fifty years old at the 
time it was occupied by the Continental Congress, and 
though in it a portion of the British Army were quartered 
during the memorable winter of 1777-8, and in 1791 it 
became the first bank of the United States, and has dur- 
ing the last sixty years been used for judicial, benevo- 
lent and educational purposes, it is still in a good state 
of repair, and its general appearance is undoubtedly 



22 TliP. Centennial Companion. 

very little different from wliat it was on the day when the 
first Congress of the Thirteen Colonies here convened. 
The chairs used by that assembly, its original journal of 
proceedings, and many yellow time- tinged documents, 
and invaluable relics of the revolutionary period are here 
preserved. 

In the main chamber, over the President's platform are 
inscribed these memorable words — '' Within these walls, 
Henry, Hancock and Adams, inspired the delegates of 
the colonies, with Nerve and Sinew for the Toils of war," 
and over the main entrance beneath an arch of thirteen 
globes, the words, "" The Nation's Birth-place," are dis- 
played by means of gas jets, as if to fix with brilliant 
light the historic name of the ancient hall, upon .the 
minds of all who make a pilgrimage to this Mecca of 
America. 

Next in historic importance to Carpenter's Hall is the 
venerable State House ^ of which a part is the revered 
Hall of Independence, The north fiont of this time- 
honored building is upon Chestnut street, between Fifth 
and Sixth streets, and the south front is toward Inde- 
pendence Square. In external appearance this building is 
antique and by no means attractive, but its interior dec- 
orations, considering they were executed nearly one hun- 
dred and fifty years ago, and in a new country, are re- 
markably ornate and beautiful. The eastern chamber of 
this building, is the portion which must be approached and 
entered by every truly loyal American, with feelings of 
deepest veneration, for here assembled that Continental 
Congress which determined that the only positive and com- 
plete redress which could be secured from the repeated and 



The Centennial Companion, 23 

flagrant wrongs, inflicted by tlie English Government upon 
the thirteen colonies, was an absolute and final separation ; 
that taxation without representation was unjust and 
tyrannical, and that all political relations with England 
should be severed. In this chamber was the committee, 
composed of Jefi'erson, Adams, Livingston, Franklin and 
Sherman, appointed to prepare a declaration of American 
independence ; hero that committee reported that most 
perfect declaration of human rights, the immortal Declar- 
ation of Independence, here it was debated, finally 
adopted and signed by that noble and ever-to-be revered 
band of patriot statesmen, and here on the 4th of July, 
1776, it was promulgated to the enthusiastic and devoted 
people of the thirteen colonies. 

The appearance of this chamber as it was a century ago 
has been zealously retained. The chair in which John 
Hancock as presiding officer sat, and the table upon 
which the glorious charter of American freedom and in- 
dependence was signed stand upon a dais at the east end 
of the hall. The portraits of forty out of fifty-six of 
the illustrious signers of the declaration, painted by 
Peale, Inman Stuart and Sully, most appropriately orna- 
ment the walls, while the same chandelier which was in 
use upon our nation's birth- day still hangs in the center 
A the hall, and a splendid statue of Washington by Rush 
stands in the northwest corner of this sanctuary of equal 
rights. 

In this hall also, on the 14th day of May, A. D., 1787, 
assembled the delegates from twelve of the thirteen origi- 
nal United Colonies and organized the Constitutional Con- 
vention by selecting George Washington, President, and 



24 The Centennial Companion, 

William Jackson, Secretary. Here under the lead of 
Madison, Hamilton and others, was prepared by that dis- 
tinguished conclave of sages, patriots and statesmen, 
that Bond of Perpetual Union, the glorious Consti- 
tution of the United States, under which our Government 
has grown, developed and prospered until we have be- 
come one of the great nations of the world, under which 
it has been fully demonstrated that the American people 
are capable of self-government, that the republican form 
of government can withstand the shocks of sedition, se- 
cession and civil war, as well as any form of monarchy, 
and that it is not only the best, but one of the most sub- 
stantial of all the governments on earth. And here, in 
this revered old hall, on the 17th of September, 1787, the 
constitution was adopted and signed, and the President 
of the Convention was directed to lay it before the Pre- 
sident of Congress, as organized under the articles of 
confederation. How often have the wisest and best men 
our country has ever produced been assembled here ? 

The western chamber of the old State House, now 
styled the "National Museum," contains precious relics, 
commemorative of the early history of the city and State, 
as well as of events which transpired during the long and 
terrible struggle of the revolutionary patriots to secure 
our national independence. Among which may be 
mentioned a chair owned by William Penn and subse- 
quently by James Logan, the chairs of the colonial jus- 
tices, Franklin's bedside table, the original charter of 
Philadelphia, an original stamp, imposed under the cele- 
brated British stamp Act of 1765, the flag of the first 
regiment of Pennsylvania militia, relief of the battle of 



The Centennial Companion* 25 

Germantown, and hundreds more which are eminently 
suggestive to every student of American history. 

In the hall of the lower story of the venerable State 
House, inclosed in an iron net-work to protect it from 
the constant and ruthless attacks of relic-gatherers stands 
the old hell upon its original heavy wooden supports, 
which in the times of the Colonial Congress was in the 
steeple, and which was rung on July 4, 1776, to an- 
nounce the completion of the grand and glorious work, 
upon which the patriot sages sitting in the eastern cham- 
ber had been for weeks engaged. It bears the inscrip- 
tion, ^^ Proclaim liberty throughout all the land, unto all 
the inhabitants thereof," and is now sacredly preserved 
as a relic of the proclamation it made, of the existence 
of a new, now a mighty nation. 

Around Independence Hall, the shrine of civil and re- 
ligious liberty, to which hundreds of thousands of loyal 
American citizens will come a few months hence, there 
lingers an incense of patriotism and philanthropy which 
every soul must inhale during the Centennial year, and 
we can hope that the sublime truths of the great declara- 
tion will be more deeply impressed upon every mind, 
more reverently treasured in every heart, and that there- 
by a more perfect guaranty of the immutability of our 
noble political institutions, may be handed down to our 
latest posterity. 

In front of the revered old State House, upon a mas- 
sive granite pedestal, stands a beautiful marble statue of 
Washington, and in the rear of the same building cover- 
ing the remainder of the block, not occupied by the State 
House, is Independence Square^ connected with which 



26 The Centennial Companion, 

are many incidents of peculiar historic interest, two of 
which we cannot forbear to mention. 

Here in October, 1773, a great mass meeting of the 
citizens of Philadelphia was held, to consider what meas- 
ures should be adopted to prevent the East India Tea 
Company^ acting in collusion with the British ministry, 
from forcing upon the good people of the city a large 
quantity of tea, which the colonies, on account of an 
odious duty imposed thereon, had refused to import, and 
here the multitude resolved to make a determined resis- 
tance to the importation. On the following Christmas 
day about ten thousand citizens assembled, and gave no- 
tice to Captain Ayers, who had command of a tea-ship a 
few miles down the river, ^^ immediately to make the 
best of his way out of our river and bay," with which 
strong request we are informed, he speedily complied. 

But from a more important incident the square takes 
its name. On the 8th day of July, 1776, four days 
after the signing of the Declaration of Independence, a 
vast concourse of enthusiastic people here assembled, and 
by repeated shouts of applause interrupted the reading of 
the Declaration, by John Nixon ; and we have read that 
the enthusiasm of the people on that occasion arose to such 
a pitch, that they proceeded to destroy every insignia of 
British authority in the city, and also that the discharges 
of cannon, the building of bonfires and the ringing of 
bells, ''all demonstrated the joy of the people." If 
patriotic enthusiasm was so full of joy, in a season when 
war was impending between weak colonies and a pow- 
erful nation ; when every man who espoused the cause of 
freedom, was liable to be hanged as a rebel •, when the 



The Centennial Coinpanion, 27 

liberty-loving people as did the immortal signers of tlie 
glorious Declaration of Independence, pledged *Ulieir 
lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor," for the 
maintainance of the principles 'therein enunciated, well- 
knowing that it was a contest between the weak in the 
cause of right, and the strong in the cause of wrong ; how 
joyful must be the enthusiasm of the representatives of 
a people now numbering over forty millions, powerful 
among the greatest nations of earth, united after a ter- 
rible internecine war, and at peace with the whole world, 
when they assemble on and about this square on July 4, 
1876. 

This square was for a long period neglected, and ex- 
cept a few large elms, has neither trees nor shrubbery. 
It has fine lawns and gravel walks , and at the present 
writing is being put in an excellent state of repair, the 
approaches from the streets, above whose level it is raised 
about four feet, being widened and improved with new 
granite steps. 

Upon the southwest corner of Front and Market 
streets, stands an antique brick building, with steep 
''hip roof," which is a remnant of the "Old London 
CorFBE House," of ante-revolutionary times. More 
than a hundred years ago it was a popular place of resort, 
where those holding the highest official positions in the 
colony, the leading merchants, the belles and beaux of 
the city, came to enjoy a social hour over a fragrant, 
but not intoxicating, cup of genuine coffee, not one 
prepared with any of the extracts or vile compounds of 
the present day. On the north side of the building may 
now be seen the words, "Established in 1725 ;" below in 



28 The Centennial Companion, 

large black letters, * ^Tobacco," and across tbe second 
story, ^'segars, snuff, pipes." 

A little further up Market street, upon the west side 
of an alley, which bears the name of Letitia Court 
(named in honor of the daughter of the ^'Founder"), 
stands an old two -story brick building, said to be the 
oldest brick building in the city, which tradition says was 
the first residence of William Penn. It still bears the 
sign of ^'Wm. Penn Hotel," but those who are curious 
enough to enter will find only an ordinary lager beer 
saloon. 

Perhaps no incident in the early history of our nation 
has been more indelibly impressed upon the minds of all 
in * 'childhood's sunny years," than the remarkable 
treaty made by William Penn with the Indians beneath 
the shade of a giant elm on the banks of the Delaware, a 
treaty which stands without a parallel in the history of 
nations, and thousands during the Centennial year will 
visit the famous Treaty Ground. 

It will be found upon the river front in Kensington, at 
the corner of Beech and Hanover streets, surrounded by 
huge piles of lumber. Only a plain obelisk upon a lime- 
stone pedestal, beneath the shade of an elm, probably a 
lineal descendent of the famous one formerly standing 
upon this spot, when the Venerable Quaker met the In- 
dian Chiefs in peaceful council, and established that 
friendship which has remained unbroken to the present 
day, marks the revered spot of such traditionary and 
historical interest. Upon the four sides of the gray 
stone shaft, which stands as a monument to the justice, 
wisdom and philanthropy of the illustrious Priend, are 



The Centennial Companion. 29 

tlie following inscriptions : ^'Treaty Ground of William 
Penn and the Indian Nation, 1682. Unbroken FaitL" 
^'William Penn. Born, 1644 ;, died, 1718." ^'Placed 
by tbe Penn Society, A. D., 1827, to mark the site of 
the Great Elm Tree," and "Pennsylvania founded 1681, 
by deeds of Peace." 

Upon the east side of Independence Square, adjoining 
the east wing of the old State House, is a plain old build- 
ing, the first floor of which is occupied by the Common 
Pleas Court, and the second by the Jlmerican Philo- 
sophical Society^ an association which owes its origin 
to the influence of Benjamin Franklin, nearly one hun- 
dred and fifty years ago. Beginning with his ^'Junto^^ 
of only twelve members, who met for mutual improve- 
ment, after several years the organization was, upon 
Franklin's suggestion, enlarged, but this gradually de- 
clined until 1780, when a union was formed with another 
literary society, which had an existence nearly thirty 
years, and the present "Afnerican Philosophical 
Society for Promoting Useful Knowledge ^^^ was in- 
corporated, and has ever since 1789 occupied this build- 
ing. This society now has a library of about twenty 
thousand volumes, a cabinet of ancient coins and a dis- 
play of relics which must delight every antiquarian, the 
most remarkable of which, in our estimation, is the orig- 
inal draft of the Declaration of Independence as prepared 
by Thomas Jefferson, containing the clause concerning 
property in slaves, which the Continental Congress did 
themselves the everlasting honor to strike out before they 
finally adopted and signed their wonderful epitome of 
political truth. 



80 The Centennial Companion, 

But a short distance down Fifth street and fronting 
Independence Square, is a plain, brick building, its front 
only relieved by four marble pilasters, small marble 
columns on each side of the entrance, and in a niche 
above the entrance a fine statue of Franklin, which is 
owned and occupied by the Philadelphia Library 
Company. This Library, founded by Benjamin Frank- 
lin, Thomas Hopkinson, Thomas Cadwallader and others 
in 1731, now contains over 100,000 volumes, and a 
myriad of ancient and revolutionary relics, and hours 
may be pleasantly and profitably devoted to the bare ex- 
amination of its busts, paintings, cabinets and labyrinth 
of alcoves, all containing the materialized brain- work of 
ages. 

At the southeast corner of Fifth and Arch streets, en- 
closed by an ancient brick wall, is the ''Old Christ Church 
Burial Ground," in which have long since mingled with 
mother earth the mortal remains of many of the most dis- 
tinguished men of colonial and revolutionary times. 
Here is the last resting place of Peyton Randolph, Fran- 
cis Hopkinson, Gen. Charles Lee and many others, whose 
names are conspicuous upon the pages of our national his- 
tory. Near the northwest corner, beneath a plain marble 
slab, with only a slight moulding, is the dust of the great 
philosopher, patriot and philanthropist, Benjamin Frank- 
lin, and his wife Deborah. Only their names and the 
date, 1790, appear upon these singular memorial stones. 
Beside this is a companion stone covering the grave of 
their daughter Sarah, and her husband Richard Bache. 
These graves were not visable from the street (Arch), on 
account of the height of the wall, until a few years since, 



The Centennial Companion* 31 

when, in compliance with the public demand, a portion of 
the wall beside them was removed, and a substantial iron 
fence constructed its place, through which hundreds 
upon this busy avenue of trade, hourly glance in pass- 
ing, and many daily stop to gaze long and reverently 
upon the grave of the illustrious printer, sage and states- 
man, whose name is not only prominent in the history of 
the age in which he lived, but appears in connection with 
nearly every literary, scientific or benevolent enterprise 
undertaken during his life time, by the city of his adop- 
tion. It is to be regretted that his singular and sug- 
gestive epitaph, written by himself and found among his 
papers after his decease, does not appear on the severely 
plain slab which covers his mortal remains. 

Upon the block which is bounded by Eighth and Ninth, 
Spruce and Pine streets, stands a cluster of buildings 
which strike the beholder, especially upon Pine street, as 
unique, and in some way remarkable, for their substantial 
architecture seems to denote their erection in a former 
century. They are the famous Philadelphia Hospital, 
and were built partly in 1755 and in part in 1796. The 
entire square in which they stand, except a space in the 
Pine street front, is surrounded by a massive brick wall, 
and the grounds are ever kept in an excellent state of 
repair. The bronze statue of William Penn, presented 
by his grandson in 1801, stands in the lawn between the 
central building and Pine street. The building in the 
center, on the Spruce street front, is now occupied by 
the Pennsylvania Historical Society, which has a 
large and very valuable library, a gallery of historical 
pictures and portraits, many rare engravings and precious 



32 . The Centennial Companion, 

manuscripts. Here, also, may be seen many relics of 
great interest, among which we have only space to men- 
tion George Washington's Parisian writing desk, the 
Royal Arms of England, and the "Great Belt of Wam- 
pum," delivered to William Penn by the Indian Chiefs 
at the treaty of 1688, under the great elm tree in Ken- 
sington. 

On the west side of Second street, above Market street, 
stands the most venerable church edifice in the city, 
known as "Old Christ Church." It was established as 
early as 1695 in a one-story log house, and the present 
building was erected about the year 1730. The first 
general convention of the Protestant Episcopal denomin- 
ation of this United States, was held in this church in 
1789, and here Washington, Eranklin, Morris, Penn, 
Ashton and many others, whose names are conspicuous 
in the annals of our country, were wont to worship. The 
chime of "Old Christ Church" bells, cast in London in 
1755, and the first, with a single exception, ever brought 
to this country, now ring out as sweetly upon the air of 
a quiet Sabbath morning, as they did in the years when 
they summoned the immortal Washington and his com- 
peers to the services of the sanctuary. 

Several objects of historical interest are to be found 
at Fairmount Park, and will be incidentally referred to 
in our description of that extensive and attractive place 
of resort, in our next chapter. 



CHAPTER IV. 

Fairmount Park and the Centennial Grounds, 

The selection of Philadelphia as the place of celebra- 
ting the one hundredth anniversary of our national inde- 
pendence by an international exhibition of the arts, 
sciences, industries and products of the world, was most 
appropriate, wise and fortunate. Most proper, because 
Philadelphia was the nation's birth-place, most wise, 
because by this selection all the sectional feelings exist- 
ing in different parts of the Union were most readily 
overcome, if not annihilated, and most fortunate, be- 
cause this city possessed grounds more suitable for such 
an exhibition and celebration than any in America. 
Fairmount Park, we find by comparison, is the largest 
public pleasure ground within the limits of, or adjacent 
to any city in the world, containing about 8,000 acres, 
while the largest in Europe (the Prater, at Vienna) 
does not exceed 2,500 acres, and the second largest in 
America has less than one thousand acres. Fairmount 
Park is situated in the northwestern portion of the city, 
upon both sides of the Schuylkill, the larger part being 
on the west side, and along this beautiful stream, which 
has been extolled in romance and song since the first 
white man traced its winding course, it extends more 
than seven miles, and up the Wissahickon, a creek which 

8 



34 The Centennial Companion, 

empties into it, nearly as far, making the whole length 
almost fourteen miles. Besides the Schuylkill, which is 
nearly a quarter of a mile in width within the Park 
limits, and the romantic Wissahickon, there are a score 
oP smaller streams which flow through or out of it. About 
one hundred springs are to be found in its dells or hill- 
sides, and it contains almost every possible variety of 
scenery — broad lawns and rocky ravines, dense woods and 
open fields, hills, dales, islands and meadows. It takes 
its name from the hill, formerly a rocky summit, hardly 
a mountain, on the east side of the Schuylkill, now its 
southern limit, and tradition recites that the ^'' Founder^^ 
had in view a residence upon this elevated spot, about 
the time he planned the city. Certain it is he had a 
vineyard planted upon its side, and had he become a 
permanent resident in this country, we can readily be- 
lieve he would have erected here a mansion, and have 
laid oft' walks and lawns, bordered by shrubbery and 
flowers, in accordance with his peculiar and aesthetic 
tastes. 

We have been unable to discover any trace of a de- 
sign on the part of the '^Founder" or the citizens of 
Philadelphia, during the last century, to secure the 
grounds now known as "Fair mount Park^^'* for the 
purposes to which they are now applied ; but like many 
other noble enterprises, the scheme seems to have orig- 
inated in the necessity for a more abundant supply of 
pure water than was afibrded by the water works early 
established in Center Square. In the year 1811, Fred- 
erick Graeff", who planned the water works of the present 
day, suggested Fairmount as the most suitable location 



The Centennial Companion, 35 

for distributing water to the citj, and in 1819 the dam 
was built across the Schuylkill river, and shortly there- 
after a row of marble pumping houses were erected at 
the foot of Fairniount hill. It soon became evident 
that the stream above the dam must be sequestered or 
secured from ordinary uses, or there would be innumer- 
able impurities in the water provided for the city's daily 
use, and hence we find, under the authority granted by 
the city, the Park Commissioners speedily began to en- 
large its boundaries by the acquisition of the lands upon 
both sides of the river, including some estates which had 
been held by familes almost from the settlement of the 
country, until the portion of the Park bordering on the 
Schuylkill contained over two thousand acres. These 
were purchased in part at public expense, but we are in- 
formed the enterprise was very generously aided by con- 
tributions made by numerous wealthy citizens. Among 
the earlier acquisitions we must notice, was Lemon Hill, 
where, in revolutionary times, was the lovely home of 
the greatest financier of his age, Robert Morris. Here, 
Washington, Franklin, Adams, Hancock, Dickerson, 
Peters and many of the signers of the Declaration of 
Independence and officers of the army of the Revolution, 
were accustomed to visit the man, whose individual notes 
passed current throughout the Colonies, though he issued 
them to more than a million of dollars in amount, and 
yet punctually met all as they matured ; whose means 
furnished to a great extent the supplies of the army dur- 
ing the long-continued war of the Revolution, without 
which even Washington would have been powerless, the 
army have been scattered to their homes and the Declar- 



36 The Centennial Companion. 

ation of Independence would have passed into history as 
the incendiary proclamation of a band of rebels. His 
noble estate is now the property of the public, and the 
thousands who take delight in wandering through these 
lovely grounds, should, if truly patriotic, fervently recall 
the inestimable services rendered to the country by the 
noble, and afterwards unfortunate patriot who furnished 
the sinews of the war of independence. 

Sedgely Park, a tract of thirty- four acres was pur- 
chased with contributions and presented to the city as an 
addition to Fairmount Park, and in furtherance of the 
scheme to make the water of the Schuylkill pure and 
wholesome. 

The Lansdown estate, once owned by the Penn fam- 
ily on the west side of the river, containing two hundred 
acres, and some of the most delightful grounds of the 
whole park was another very important addition. Bel- 
mont, also a fine estate, and very highly improved more 
than a hundred years ago, forms one of the most beauti- 
ful sections of the great park. Here Richard Peters, the 
intimate and beloved friend of Washington, who was 
Secretary of the Board of War during the revolution, a 
Representative in Congress, and finally a Judge of the 
U. S. District Court for nearly forty years, was born, 
here entertained many of the most eminent men of the 
last and the early part of the present century, and hero 
died in 1828, at the ripe old age of eighty-four years. 
The view from the hall- door of .the old Peters mansion 
may be described only as one of the loveliest upon the 
continent. (See Syckelmoore's Handbook of Philadel- 
phia. ) Mount Prospect, on the west side, and estates on 



The Centennial Companion. 87 

the east side of the river formerly known as Fountain 
Green, Mt. Pleasant, Rockland, Edgely and probably 
others have been from time to time added until Eair- 
mount Park is not only the largest in the world, if we 
except Windsor Forest and Epping Forest in England ; 
and for diversity and loveliness of scenery, is without a 
rival on the face of earth. It is estimated that the park 
contains over 100,000 trees, and 200,000 hard wood, 
shrubs and vines, most of which are indigeneous, though 
some foreign varieties are to be noticed. 

To attempt to describe its many miles of walks and 
drives, and call attention to its many picturesque and 
striking beauties is a task which we feel quite incom- 
petent to undertake. It is enough to say that nature 
seems to have here made her grandest effort to charm all 
beholders, and that if ever wealth is lavished upon its im- 
provements, as it doubtless will be ere another century 
passes by, it will surely become the most attractive and 
lovely of all pleasure-grounds on the face of the globe. 
In passing we may say that as the Commissioners in 
years past have endeavored to retain the old mansions 
and adjoining grounds in nearly the same condition, as 
when occupied by the original owners, we hope and trust 
they will in future preserve the relics of the revolution- 
ary period, the remnant of primeval forest, and especially 
the wildly grand and wonderfully romantic panorama 
diversifying the legendary banks of the Wissahickon. 

Of the works of Art which adorn this noble park, we 
could call attention to Leda and the Swan, the statue of 
Justice, the statue of Wisdom and the Graeff Memorial ; 
next to " The Indian^^ (roughly cut in wood.) The 



38 The Centennial Companion. 

first fountain on the Wissahickon, Venus risen from the 
bath, the Marble F:)untain and finally the bronze statue 
of Lincoln near the Green street entrance. 

The Zoological Garden, covering most of that part 
of the park west of the Schuylkill and south of Girard 
avenue, will be described under the head of "Places 
of Public Resort and Amusement." 

The portion of this grand park, upon which not only the 
attention of the citizens of Philadelphia, but of the whole 
Union is concentrated, and will be for many months, The 
Centennial Exhibition grounds consist of about 
four hundred and fifty acres, in the southern part, west 
of but not extending to the Schuylkill river, and lying 
northward of Elm avenue. These grounds were form- 
ally transferred to the Commissioners of the International 
Exhibition by the Commissioners of Fairmont Park on 
July 4Lh, 1873, and upon it are being erected those im- 
mense buildings which are a few months hence to con- 
tain the most wonderful productions of human art and 
skill which have even been art one time displayed. 

These buildings are situated upon the most even plateau 
of the whole park, and we doubt if more appropriate 
grounds, irrespective of their contiguity to a great city 
could have been found in the whole country. The Main 
Exhibition Building fi'onting upon Elm avenue from 
which it is distant about one hundred and seventy feet, 
is 1880 feet in length, and 464 feet in width, giving for 
the ground floor an area of 872,320 square feet, or a lit- 
tle more than twenty acres. The sides of this enormous 
structure are but of one story of twenty-four feet in 
height, but the central portion is more than forty feet, 



The Centennial Companion, 39 

and tlie height of the building, 'aside from the central 
and corner towers is seventy feet. There are four main 
entrances, at the center of each side and end, and besides 
these, side entrances about halt* way between the main 
side entrance and the ends. The eastern entrance will 
be the main approach for carriages, the south entrance, 
next to Elm avenue where the ticket offices will be situ- 
ated, the main entrance from the several lines of street 
cars ; while the western entrance is directly towards Ma- 
chinery Hall, and the northern towards the Me7norial 
Building, The central towers of this building are 48 
feet square and 120 feet in height, and the towers upon 
each corner are twenty-four feet square and seventy- five 
in height, all having an extremely ornamented finish. 
The walls of the building to the height of about seven 
feet are of brick, and above these there are wrought-iron 
columns composed of rolled channel bars with plates riv- 
eted to the flanges, which are placed twenty -four feet 
apart, and between these there are timbers framed in 
panels, in which are placed the glazed sash, a part of 
which can be removed if necessary for ventilation. The 
roof is supported by trusses similar to those used in de- 
pots and warehouses. The upper floors in projections 
cover an area of 37,344 feet, and in towers an area of 
26,344 feet, so that the total area of the floors of the 
building is 936,008 feet. The central avenues or pass- 
age ways through the building are 120 feet in width, 
from the ends as well as the sides, and upon either side 
of each are avenues or naves 100 hundred feet in width ; 
between these and the sides of the building are aisles 24 
feet in width — and upon each side of the avenues and 



40 The Centennial Companion, 

aisles are supporting wrought iron columns, similar to 
those in the sides of the building. The intersection of 
these avenues result in giving nine open spaces free from 
surpporting columns, the one in the center being 120 
feet square, four of the others being 120 by 100 feet, 
and the remaining four each 100 feet square. The en- 
tire building is abundantly supplied with water — restau- 
rants for light refreshments will be placed at four promi- 
nent points, and every possible provision is made for 
protection against fire ; so it will be seen the comfort 
and safety of visitors is provided for, while they are ex- 
amining the myriad of wonderful products, which are 
here displayed. The whole building is planned with a 
view to secure a perfect classification of the articles ex- 
hibited, both as to material and the location where pro- 
duced. By this arrangement the cotton, woolen or silk 
fabrics of all countries will be placed together, so that a 
comparison between them can easily be made and the 
most excellent selected. The private offices for the sev- 
eral Foreign and State Commissions, are also located in 
this building, and although the space to be occupied by 
each nation and State has been determined, we are in- 
formed that a location for each is not yet assigned. 

Across Belmont avenue to the westward is Machin- 
ery Hall^ a building considerably smaller than the 
Main Exhibition Building being only 1402 feet in length, 
and 360 in width. In general appearance it is quite 
similar to the Main Building though it lacks the towers 
upon the corners, and is somewhat less embellished upon 
the cornices. In construction, like the Main Building, 
the sides are composed, above a stone wall about six feet 



The Centennial Companion. 41 

in height, of wrought- iron columns, between which are 
sash filled with large glass. We are informed that it is 
much more strongly built than the main building, but 
being unable to gain admission had no opportunity to 
note the internal construction. Here within a few 
months will be exhibited all the most wonderful results, 
which mechanical genius has attained in the last half 
century, in Europe as well as America, and to all who 
are inclined to view with delight the application of the 
great forces of nature to man's use, or proudly note the 
progress of the age, in which machinery does the work 
done by manual labor in former times, with a degree of 
dispatch and perfection before unknown, the sight will 
be most attractive. 

Three hundred feet northward of the main building, 
upon a terrace six feet above the general level, stands 
the most beautiful and substantial structure upon the 
Centennial Grounds, the JYational Memorial Build- 
ing. It is 365 feet in length, 210 in width and nearly 
sixty feet in heighth, above a basement twelve feet in 
heighth. It is built entirely of granite, iron and glass, 
and when completed will be a perfect gem of archi- 
tectural beauty. The south front displays a central sec- 
tion 95 feet long and 72 feet high ; a pavilion at each 
end 45 feet long and and 60 feet high, and arcades con- 
necting them with the center, which are each 90 feet 
long and 40 feet in height. From the terrace thirteen 
steps, commemorative of the thirteen original States, 
seventy feet wide, rise to the level of the entrance, which 
is by three arched doorways, each forty feet in height 
and fifteen feet wide, opening into a hall. Upon each 



42 The Centennial Companion. 

corner of the central section are colossal statue, and in 
the center of the main frieze the United Slates coat-of- 
arjns. The pavilions have each two arched windows 
thirty feet in height and twelve feet wide, and upon 
each of the four corners of the four pavilions at each 
corner of the building are immense iron eagles, with 
out-spread pinions — our national emblem. A massive 
dome in the center of the building rises to the height of 
about 150 feet, and is surmounted by a figure of more 
than gigantic size. At each corner of the base of the 
dome are colossal groups, each in a high degree em- 
blematic and beautiful. The treasures, the inestimable 
relics, to be seen in this massive structure during the 
Centennial can only at present be conjectured, but there 
can be no doubt but that each State of the Union will 
deposit here, for the year at least, the most sacred 
memorials which they are preserving in their archives, 
and that individuals will send forward to be here dis- 
played some mementoes of the past which they are will- 
ing to place in a national repository, and some for the 
season only, being such as have been retained in a family 
for several generations and have become heirlooms too 
precious to be yielded up even to a nation's keeping. 
We can imagine the peculiar delight which will thrill the 
soul of every antiquarian and every earnest patriot, who 
wanders through this hall during the Centennial year. 
Here, too, will be displayed the finest works of art from 
all the enlightened nations of the world, and the rarest 
paintings and statuary in existence will grace this noble 
hall. To the northward of Memorial Hall is a deep 
ravine, passable in former years only by winding foot- 



The Centennial Companion, 43 

paths, but now a broad wooden bridge is being built 
across it, the grounds from the Memorial Building to 
the bluff have been leveled to a gentle slope, and the 
drives and walks to the bridge will be speedily completed. 
Upon a beautiful plateau on the north side of the ra- 
vine, stands the Horticultural Hall, which is 300 feet in 
length and 160 in width. The central portion of this 
hall presents a striking similarity to Machinery Hall, 
except that the finishing is much more ornamental. The 
southern side displays a central section, in which is the 
entrance, pavilions at each end, and between these 
and the center are arched conservatories, in which, as in 
the main hall, the ensuing year, can be seen many thous- 
ands of rare plants and innumerable beautiful flowers — 
the contributions of all the civilized nations of the earth. 
Americans who have visited the National Conservatory in 
Washington can form some idea of what is to be here 
displayed. The beautiful level tract westward of the 
Horticultural Hall, is being laid out with fine walks and 
lawns which are to be bordered with shrubs and flowers, 
and will next summer present one of the greatest attrac- 
tions of the whole grounds, for here the ladies will in- 
stinctively resort to behold their favorite plants and flow- 
ers, compare them with what they have at home, or have 
seen elsewhere, and find in the examination sincere 
pleasure, if not the ecstatic thrill of delight which the 
beauties of nature ever inspire in woman's heart. To the 
northward still of Horticultural Hall, and across another 
less precipitous ravine, upon a fine plateau we find the 
great Agricultural Hall in process of erection. It is to be 
820 feet in length and 540 in width. Its construction 



44 The Centennial Companion, 

is very peculiar, the main portions consisting of immense 
Gothic arches, springing from the ground and being in 
the center, at least sixty feet in height, and between 
three of these sections are two lower ones, mainly one 
story in height, all being so connected as to form a 
part of the same grand structure, which from the north 
and south ends display the Gothic portions, while from 
the cornei;s of all the Gothic sections arise towers with 
octagonal domes, and in the center of the whole is a 
large and highly embellished dome, whose height will be 
about one hundred and fifty feet. To this magnificent 
hall the people of all the States, and especially the great 
States of the Mississippi Valley, will send the produc- 
tions of the soils, differing in each degree of latitude 
and each parallel of longitude. What agricultural 
wonders will be here displayed, we can only imagine 
from what we have seen at some of the great agricul- 
tural fairs of the West, but have no doubt that the thous- 
ands who are engaged in agricultural pursuits, and who 
here assemble, wall find much to astonish, much to amuse 
and instruct, and much to gratify them in the highest 
degree. 

To the southwest of Agricultural Hall, and nearly 
west of Horticultural Hall, on the east side of Belmont 
avenue, stands the Women''s Buildings which, com- 
pared with the great halls we have been describing, is 
but a small building, and yet in many places it would be 
considered a very large one, being about one hundred 
and fifty feet in length, by one hundred in width ; with 
an arched roof and highly ornamented and finely finished 
cornice, and constructed, we are informed, entirely with 



m 



The Centennial Companion* 45 

means contributed by the ladies of tbis country. It is to 
contain especially articles of their wear, specimens of 
their beautiful handiwork, and recently we notice that 
the ladies in charge have, through the public prints, so- 
licited from the ladies of the whole country recipes for 
making and cooking all the articles of human diet. So 
we have no doubt the Centennial will be the means of 
furnishing to the world much valuable information as to 
the culinary art, one of the highest importance to all, 
and yet one to which we fear American ladies have not 
given the attention which it properly deserves. 

To the north of the Women's Bailding and fronting 
upon Belmont avenue, the foundation is being laid for 
the J\*ew Jersey State Building, 

Upon the opposite side of Belmont avenue is the 
United States Buildings in which all the departments 
of government are to be represented. Its shape is pe- 
culiar, being that of two rectangles crossing each other 
midway at right angles, reminding one of the almost ex- 
tinct board, upon which was played the old-time game 
of "Fox and Geese." It has an arched roof covered 
with cement, and the whole is being finished in a style 
neat and elegant, yet by no means as ornamental, as we 
had anticipated. We notice on the grounds a huge 
mortar, and a monstrous columbiad whose weight we no- 
ticed was 115,100 lbs, which are probably to be mounted 
next to the portion assigned to the War Department. 
As yet, December 1st, 1875, the interior of the building 
is entirely unfinished, and how it is to be divided, ar- 
ranged or finished, we have not the remotest idea. 

To the northwest of the U. S. Government Building, 



46 The Centennial Companion. 

and at the foot of the hill upon which is Belmont reservoir, 
we notice the Ens^lish Government Buildings, which 
appear to be plain, with steep roofs, numerous gables and 
large chimneys ; and like most of the Centennial Build- 
ings, but partly finished. To the southwestward of these, 
and west of: Machinery Hall, are. grounds laid off as sites 
for the buildings of different States, but as yet not even 
the foundations are laid. Between the U. S. Govern- 
ment Building and Machinery Hall, a basin has been 
onstructed, which during the Centennial year, will be a 
pond of two or three acres in extent, in the centre of 
which will be a splendid group of fountains. The grounds 
adjoining are being laid off with broad lawns and walks, 
and early in spring will be set with trees and shrubbery. 
Northeast from the east end of Machinery Hall, and 
nearly in the direction of the Horticultural Hall, is a two 
story plastered building with deck roof, and almost plain 
finish, known as the Hall of the Judges, of the In- 
ternational Exhibition — and to the westward of this and 
fronting on Belmont avenue is the Centennial Photo- 
graph Gallery, a one-story building constructed by a 
prominent artist of the city. Besides the public build- 
ings there are being built within the Centennial 
Grounds numerous other wooden buildings, intended for 
restaurants and refreshment rooms, which generally are 
being finished in a tasteful and elegant style. We espec- 
ially noticed one a little northeast of the Horticultural 
Hall, another nearly south of the Agricultural Hall, 
directly west of which is a fine cedar grove, and one nearly 
north of the Women's Building, each of which w^e know 
will be crowded during each day of the ensuing season, 



The Centennial Companion, 47 

and in whicli the fortunate proprietors will cater to the 
tastes and satisfy the thirst of many thousands, and 
thereby reap an abundant pecuniary harvest. 

The view of the Centennial Grounds and of the 
city of Philadelphia, from George's Hill, which is directly 
west of and adjoining the grounds, is truly splendid and 
will well repay the fatigue, even of one who has wan- 
dered on foot for many a weary hour over these lovely 
grounds, for making the ascent. Eastward from George's 
Hill is Belmont Reservoir ^ having a capacity of over 
35,000,000 gallons, and still further to the eastward 
upon the bluffs of the Schuylkill, is Belmont Man- 
sion^ the view from which we have before mentioned. 
On the west side of Belmont avenue, and nearly south 
from the eastern entrance of Machinery Hall, are the 
offices of the Western Union Telegraph Company^ a 
very extensive one-story building surrounded by a portico 
having a very ornamental cornice. 

Passing out of the Centennial Grounds upon Bel- 
mont avenue, we notice at a short distance an enormous 
three-story wooden building which the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road Company have recently erected as a Depot Hotel for 
the Centennial year, to be named the Globe Hotel, and 
which will accommodate from 1600 to 1800 guests. 
Though the International Exhibition does not open until 
May 10, 1876, we learn that all the rooms of this yet 
unfinished hotel have been engaged. 

At the intersection of Belmont and Elra avenues, a 
large brick building, four-stories high above the basement, 
with a mansard roof, is rapidly approaching completion. 
It is to be known as the Continental Hotel, and will 



48 The Centennial Companion, 

accommodate nearly one thousand persons. To the east- 
ward of this the United States Hotel has already been 
built, and along Elm avenue until it intersects Girard 
avenue, nearly every building is a hotel or restaurant. 

Taking the Girard avenue line of street cars to return 
to the city, we cross the portion of Fairmount Park, just 
above the Zoological Garden^ which we shall mention 
as one of the notable places of amusement in and about 
the city, and come across the wonderful structure, Gir- 
ard Avenue Bridge. This bridge as well as the one at 
Fairmount, and another on Chestnut street, are each 
grand structures, and deserve and will doubtless receive a 
careful examination by all who take an interest in this spe- 
cies of buildings. We have no space for such a descrip- 
tion as they severally deserve and should receive, were 
we attempting a complete description oO the expensive 
and convenient public improvements of this beautiful 
city. At the west end of Girard avenue bridge is the 
Egglesjield entrance to Fairmount Park, upon the Lans- 
down Drive, by passing under one of the immense arches 
of the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge. By following a 
winding route over hills, across the deep ravines which we 
have mentioned as bridged between the Exhibition Build- 
ings, and passing the grounds formerly known as Peter- 
stone, upon which is situated the locally famous Sweet 
Briar Mansion^ the visitor may reach the Centennial 
Grounds, and if going from the city in a carriage, we 
know of no more agreeable route, nor indeed one upon 
which there are so many objects well worthy of close atten- 
tion and careful consideration. 



CHAPTER V. 
Government and Public Buildings, 

Among the many objects in Philadelpliia of especial 
interest to the tourist, and hence we suppose to the visi- 
tors of the International Exhibition, are the United 
States government buildings, and those in which the bus- 
iness of the city, of a public character, is transacted. 
So we will proceed to give a brief description of those 
which all who attend the Centennial will not fail to visit. 

The United States Mint is situated at the north- 
west corner of Chestnut and Thirteenth streets, and is 
a massive brick structure, with marble facings. The ar- 
chitecture is of the Ionic order, and the portico, which 
is supported by six large fluted columns, is reached by a 
wide range of steps. Although the United States Mint 
was established in this city as early as 1792, this build- 
ing was not erected until 1832-3, and it contains ma- 
chinery for coining and milling, which is probably more 
intricate and expensive than possessed by any other na- 
tion. It may be visited by any who desire, from nine 
o'clock, A. M., until noon each day, and all who wish are 
shown by courteous ushers through the building, and the 
process of coining the solid money of certain and un- 
changeable value — the only real basis of the currency — 
with which the vast business of the whole country is trans- 

4 



60 The Centennial Covipa7iion, 

acted. Besides the very interesting machinery (one en- 
gine being o£ one hundred and sixty horse power) in this 
establishment — which is the main mint of the United 
States, all others being branch mints — there can be here 
beheld an extensive cabinet of ancient coins, some of 
"which date prior to the Christian era, and are wonders to 
every antiquary. Few places in the whole city afford 
more attractions to the visitor, and few will be more 
thronged with visitors than this during the months of the 
great International Exhibition. 

Fronting upon Chestnut and Library streets, between 
Fourth and Fifth streets, isolated from the other build- 
ings of the block, and apparently built upon a stone 
dais, is the United States Custom House, one of the 
most massive and substantial buildings in the whole city. 
It is built of granite, and in imitation of the celebrated 
Parthenon of Athens, having upon each front an orna- 
mented entablature and vestibule, supported by eight 
Doric columns, nearly thirty feet in height, and about 
five feet in diameter at the base. The building is eighty- 
seven feet in width, and one hundred and sixty in length, 
and its main hall, which is about eighty feet long by 
nearly fifty in width, is embellished by fluted Ionic col- 
umns, and has a lofty arched and panelled ceiling. The 
building was originally intended for the Second United 
States Bank, and here the gigantic operations carried on 
with a capital of: $35,000,000, were transacted for many 
years, until, in fact, the question of the renewal 
of its charter, which expired by limitation in 1836, was 
one of the most exciting issues between the old Whig and 
Democratic parties, and the latter being successful in 



The Centennial Companion. 51 

tlie Presidential campaign of 1832, upon the expiration 
of the charter the government deposits were removed by 
order of President Jackson, the author of our present 
sub-treasury system, and the Bank of the United States 
ceased to wield its stupendous influence over the political 
affairs of the nation. The Government shortly after- 
wards purchased the building, and it has ever since been 
used as a custom house. 

On the west side of Second street, below Chestnut, 
we would direct attention to the grand and beautiful fire- 
proof building, which is styled the United States Ap- 
praisers Storehouse^ which is worthy of a particular 
description, did our space permit. 

West of the U. S. Custom House, on the corner of 
Chestnut and Fifth streets, is the Post Office building, 
upon the second floor of which are the court rooms of 
the U. S. District and Circuit Courts. This fine build- 
ing is constructed of a dark shade of marble, has a 
mansard roof, and standing as it does in the midst of the 
finest bank buildings in the city, will be noticed by every 
Centennial visitor. 

Upon the east half of the block bounded by Chestnut 
and Market, Ninth and Tenth streets, the JVew Post 
Office Building is in process of erection, and is to have 
grand and highly ornamented fronts, upon the ends to- 
ward Market and Chestnut streets, as well as the side oi 
main front on Ninth street. At present the half block 
is surrounded with a high plank fence, and filled with 
huge derricks, by which the heavy blocks of stone of the 
basement are being placed in position. It is to. be built 
of Maine granite, in the French renaissance style, four 



52 The Centennial Companion, 

stories in height, with an immense iron- work dome, and 
though Contrress has limited the entire cost to four mil- 
lion dollars, there will probably be five or six millions 
expended upon it before its final completion. 

The old JYavy Yard^ situated at the foot of Federal 
and Wharton streets, formerly contained some very large 
brick buildings, but these have been recently demolished 
and the grounds sold at auction, the government hav- 
ing removed the Navy Yard to League Island, about 
three miles further down the Delaware river, where new 
buildings will speedily be erected. At present only the 
debris of the buildings remain, and these no one would 
care to visit. 

On Gray's Ferry road, at the west end of Fitzwater 
and Catherine streets, is located the United States 
JSTaval Asylum^ built nearly fifty years ago as a home 
for aged and infirm navy officers and marines. The 
building is three hundred and eighty feet long, one hun- 
dred and fifty feet in width, three stories high, and has a 
fine marble front, which is approached by a flight of 
marble steps, upon each side of which, are field pieces 
captured by Gen. Gates at the battle of Saratoga, and 
two large marble balls. The entablature over the main 
entrance is supported by eight marble Doric columns. 
During the recent war a large and very fine building was 
erected in the rear of the Asylum for the care of the sick 
and wounded sailors, disabled, or contracting disease in 
the United States service. 

Further southward on Gray's Ferry road at its inter- 
section with Washington street, just above the Schuyl- 
Jiill Bridge is the United States Jlrsenaly composed of 



The Centennial Companion. 63 

four very large brick buildings, enclosing quite an exten- 
sive yard or Court. Instead of being a store-house for 
arms and the munitions of war, one of these buildings 
contains a museum in which are to be seen specimens of 
the clothing worn by the American soldiers, from the 
Revolution down to the present time ; and in the others, 
the work of cutting and making army clothing is carried 
on, a great number of hands being constantly employed. 
The old State House ^ now used as a City Hall, we 
have described among objects of ''historical interests." 
The JVew City Hall, now in course of erection at the 
intersection of Market and Broad streets, will be, when 
completed, one of the grandest and most ornamental 
buildings in the city, covering an area of about four 
and a half acres, and containing over five hundred rooms. 
This immense pile, built in what is known as the renais- 
sance style, with white marble fronts, and embellished 
by the highest works of art, will, when fully completed, 
be one of the most beautiful and completely fire-proof 
buildings in the world. From the center of the north 
side will rise a tower ninety feet square at the base, de- 
creasing in size at each story, until, at the base of the 
dome, it becomes an 'octagon, fifty feet in diameter. 
The dome will be 430 feet in height, surmounted by a 
statue of the Founder of the city, 20 feet in height, giv- 
ing the enormous altitude of 450 feet, which will be 
visible in all parts of the city, and is, we believe, higher 
than any steeple in the world. The entire finishing 
and ornamentation of the whole building internally, as 
well as externally, will be commensurate with the wealth 
and prosperity pf a great city, whoae citizens acknowl- 



54 The Centennial Companion. 

edge no superior in public and progressive spirit, or 
in combining with the useful, the substantial and the 
beautiful. 

The Water Works of the city are worthy the careful 
consideration of every visitor, and are among the most ex- 
tensive and complete of any upon the continent. The 
dam across the Schuylkill, thirteen hundred feet in length, 
and the plan of converting the rugged summit of Fair- 
mount into a beautiful truncated cone containing an 
immense reservoir, is a perpetual monument to the 
genius of Mr. Frederick Graeff, the projector, but the 
original water wheels, by which the water supply was for 
years forced up to the reservoir, have long since been 
abandoned and ponderous steam engines do the pumping 
at Fairmount, as well as at Belmont, Roxbury and other 
points, where reservoirs have in the past few years been 
constructed. The present supply to the city is more 
than forty million gallons per day, and for the benefit of 
Centennial visitors, we note that the Centennial buildings 
and grounds are so situated, that they receive an abun- 
dant supply, provision being made already so that 
6,000,000 gallons may be used in them daily, and free 
of cost to all. 

The city has been supplied with gas for more than 
forty years, and the Philadelphia Gas Works on the 
north side of Market street, and between Twentv-Second 
street and the Schuylkill, together with the Point 
Breeze Gas PForks, also located on the Schuylkill, in 
the southern part of the city, afford a supply of more 
than five million cubic feet of gas per day, so that as re- 
gards light, as well as water, it would appear that ample 



The Centennial Companion, 55 

provision is made by those who have in charge the city's 
progress and prosperity. 

Market street was originally the great mart, to which 
all the inhabitants of the city resorted to procure their 
daily supply of meat, fish and vegetables, and a century 
ago a line of market houses, which have long since been 
removed, extended far up this central business street. 
Some of the principal public market houses are now situ- 
ated on Callowhill, Spring Garden, Girard avenue, and 
South Third streets, but to a great extent the markets 
have been removed from the streets, and like the spa- 
cious, cleanly and nicely appointed one which we have 
visited on South Fifth street, between Market and Chest- 
nut streets, they are now like the clothing and dry goods 
houses in the midst of the private business houses of the 
city, where they can the most readily accommodate the 
thousands, yea, tens of thousands, who throng them, to 
supply their tables with the necessities as well as the 
luxuries of life. 

Among the public buildings of a great city of espec- 
ial, and yet of melancholy interest, we may notice the 
prisons, two of which are deserving of more than a pass- 
ing notice. The County or Moyamensing Prison is situ- 
ated on Passyunk avenue, between Reed and Dickerson, 
Tenth and Eleventh streets, fronting upon the avenue from 
which it is distant about eighty feet. The front is of 
granite and consists of a central portion about sixty feet 
in width, which connects with octagon towers or pavil- 
ions upon the corners, and the square central tower, as 
well as the corners, have a battlement coping, whilst upon 
tjie sides of the intermediate wall, some twenty-four feet 



56 The. Centennial Companion, 

in height, are lancet windows, and upon the northern side 
an addition of brown stone has been added, which de- 
tracts somewhat from the appearance of massive strength 
which the granite front originally presented. The side 
and rear wnlls are of irregular shaped stone, about twen- 
tj-four feet in height, with a granite coping or cap- 
stone. A yard with iron fence surrounds the remainder 
of the lot not covered by the prison building, which is 
capable of holding within its gloomy walls about 3,000 
persons. 

Along the sidewalk in front is a fine row of trees, mainly 
buttonwood or sycamore, and upon the doors at each 
side of the center, we notice the usual words of warning 
to visitors, " No Admittance." Across the street to the 
south, the Metropolitan Hotel, capable of accommodating 
twenty- five guests, is a comfortable place for the weary 
pedestrian who is sight-seeing, to rest and procure re- 
freshment. 

The Eastern Penitentiary, locally known as ** Cherry 
Hill," fronts upon Fairmount avenue, and occupies the 
entire block (about eleven acres) between Twenty-sec- 
ond and Twenty-third streets. The building consists of 
a massive stone- wall, some twenty-five feet in height, 
upon all the sides except the front, which has a square 
embattled tower at each corner more than fifty feet in 
height, which are connected with the center, from which 
rises a still higher octagon embattled tower, in the center 
of which appears the broad entrance through a door 
studded with many bolt-heads. Within the building is a 
large rotunda from which wings radiate like the spokes 
of a wheel, and in these are the cells of the unfortunate 



The Centennial Companion. 57 

inmates. The system known as that of ** solitary con- 
finement," adopted many years ago, is still adhered to 
in this so-called reformatory institution. There are gen- 
erally about five hundred persons confined here, who en- 
dure, as we believe, the severest of all punishments under 
the system above referred to — one we are forced to say 
we consider hardly in accordance with the spirit of our 
progressive age. 

The JSf*ew House of Correction^ not yet completed, 
in the northern part of the city, costs the city the sum of 
one million dollars, and consists of a four-story central 
building, with four lateral wings upon each side, in which 
are about two thousand cells and numerous workshops. 
It is mainly intended for the confinement of juvenile of- 
fenders, it having long since been discovered by those 
who have given the subject their close and careful consid- 
eration, that many youths may be led to reform, if sepa- 
rated from old and hardened offenders ; but if confined 
with them imprisonment becomes but a training for fu- 
ture infringements upon the rights of their fellow- men — 
a preparation for a deeper descent into the *' paths of 
iniquity." The House of Refuge upon Girard avenue, 
and opposite the western portion of the College .grounds, 
is likewise a place for the confinement and reformation of 
juvenile offenders only. 



CHAPTER YI. 

Charitable Institutions, 

The same generous and liberal spirit, the same ele- 
vated tone of kindly feeling which animated the noble 
''Founder" of the City of "Brotherly Love," and was 
so prominent in the life and character of Franklin, and 
many of his illustrious compeers, seems to have become 
impressed deeply, as generations have passed by, upon 
the whole people of the city, and, as a result, to a large 
extent due to education perhaps, but certainly to some 
extent to the noble example set by their ancestors, they 
have been prompt to listen to the calls of the unfortu- 
nate, the sick and afflicted, the friendless, homeless and 
perishing ones, who must ever, by their necessities, be 
forced to accept the succor which the highest dictates of 
humanity are ever inclined to bestow. And hence, in 
and about this beautifully built city we find many noble 
institutions, which have been provided as homes, and pla- 
ces for the care andf treatment of the diseased, both in 
body and mind. Among the objects of historical inter- 
est we have already spoken of the grand Old Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital, and as the next most important institu- 
tion of this class, call attention to an ofishoot from it, 
the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane^ which is 
located upon the north side of Market Street, in Wegt 



The Centennial Companion, 69 

Philadelpliia, between Chestnut avenue and Fiftieth 
street, and bounded on the north by Haverf ord street. 
The grounds contain one hundred and thirteen acres, and 
upon them are two large cut-stone structures, known as 
the Male and Female Departments of the Pennsylvania 
Hospital for the Insane. The grounds are enclosed by a 
high wall, and are very beautifully laid off into lawns 
and gardens, which are ornamented with shrubbery and 
flowers. Each of the main edifices consists of a central 
structure, from which extend wings with broad porticos ; 
each of which is commodious, and display the taste and 
skill of the architect, as well as that of the workmen who 
carried into effect his designs. The idiotic and, as a 
general rule, we believe, the epileptic, are not admitted 
here. Yet there are usually about about four hundred 
patients under treatment, and the report of the officers 
in charge show most clearly the skill and ability of the 
chief physician. 

- On the south side of Spruce street, and immediatly 
west of the Schuylkill river, are extensive grounds, upon 
the northern portion of which is located Blockley Alms- 
house^ which consists of four buildings, each three sto- 
ries in height, and about five hundred feet in length. 
The buildings are generally quite plain, only the main 
front to the southeastward having a portico supported by 
large Tuscan columns. This extensive establishment is 
intended to accommodate the poor and decrepit, as well 
as those rendered helpless by mental and bodily afflic- 
tions, and, as a consequence, during each winter is 
crowded with inmates, the number at times exceeding 
three thousand. This magnificent institution of charity 



60 The Centennial Qompaiiion, 

is maintained by the city at an annual expense of four 
'hundred thousand dollars. 

The Orphan Society of Philadelphia, organized 
more than sixty years ago "to rescue from ignorance, 
vice, and idleness, the destitute and unprotected chil- 
dren" of the city, has ever been engaged in its most wor- 
thy and laudable undertaking, and has taken many from 
the lowest walks of life, and so reared and trained them 
that they have become upright honorable citizens. The 
present building of this society, is upon the brow of a 
hill in the extreme western part of the city. It fronts 
upon Sixty-Fourth Street, above Lansdown avenue, and 
presents an extremely ornate and beautiful appearance. 

Many other humane and benevolent institutions are to 
be found in and about this great and charitable city, but 
our space only permits us to give the name and location 
of the most prominent ; and we will only say in passing, 
that we sincerely hope that every visitor will visit these 
homes of the diseased, and destitute ; for we know of 
nothing more strongly inclined to excite the warmest sym- 
pathies, and arouse to earnest action the purest and best 
impulses of our nature, than beholding the great num- 
bers of unfortunates in these institutions, and the am- 
ple means which a generous public and liberal minded 
people have provided for their care, comfort and improve- 
ment. 

City Hospital, near Franklin avenue and Reading 
Railroad. 

State Hospital for Women and Infants of Pennsyl* 
vania. No. 1718 Filbert street. 

Charity Hospital, 1832 Hanailton street. 



The Centennial Companion, 61 

St. Joseph's Hospital, Seventeenth street and Girard 
avenue. 

Children's Hospital, on Twenty- Second street, below 
Walnut street. 

University Hospital, Thirty -Fourth and Spruce streets. 

Friend's Hospital for the Insane, Frankford. 

Howard Hospital for Incurables, 1518 Lombard street. 

Will's Eye Hospital, Race street, west of Eighteenth 
and south of Logan Square. 

German Hospital, Girard and Corinthian avenues. 

Orthopedic Hospital, Seventeenth and Summer streets. 

St. Mary's Hospital, Frankford avenue and Palmer 
street. 

Germantown Hospital, Shoemaker's lane and Chew 
street. 

Women's Hospital of Philadelphia, North College 
avenue and Twenty- Second street. 

Presbyterian Hospital, Olney road, Taber Station, on 
the North Pennsylvania Railroad. 

Hospital of the Good Shepherd for Children, Rodnor, 
Delaware county, Pennsylvania. 

Homoepathic Hospital, 1116 Cuthbert street. 

Preston Retreat, Twentieth and Hamilton streets. 

Christ Church Hospital, Belmont avenue and Monu- 
ment road. 

Gynaecological Hospital and Infirmary for Diseases of 
Childi-en, 1624 Poplar street. 

Lying-in Hospital, 608 Fairmount avenue. 

Hospital of the Protestant Episcopal Church, Front 
and Huntingdon streets. 



02 The Centennial Companion, 

Philadelphia Ljing-in Hospital, 126 North Eleventh 
street. 

Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Main street, Chestnut 
Hill. 

Hospital for Inebriates of Philadelphia, Media, Pa. 

Baptist Home, Seventeenth and Harris streets. 

Inebriates' Home, Harrowgate lane, near Frankford 
avenue. 

Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, office 513 Market street. 

Rosine Association 3216 Germantown avenue. 

Franklin Reformatory Home, 913 Locust street. 

Penn Asylum for Indigent Widows and Single Women, 
Belgate, above Otis street. 

Howard Home, for Widows and Single women, Fifty- 
Eighth street and Darby Road. 

Home of the Good Shepherd, Twenty- Second and 
Walnut streets. 

Little Sistei's of the Poor, Eighteenth street, above 
Jefferson street. 

St. Luke's Home for Aged Women, 1317 Pine street. 

Lutheran Orphan's Home and Asylum, for the Aged 
and Infirm, 3582 Germantown avenue. 

Methodist Home, Thirteenth street and Lehigh avenue. 

Old Men's Home of Philadelphia, Thirty-Ninth street 
and Powelton's avenue. 

St. Ann's Widow's Asylum, 906 Moyamensing ay. 

Pennsylvania Home for Deaf Mutes, Broad and Pine 
streets. 

Home of Aged and Infirm Colored Persons, Belmont 
and Girard avenues. 



The Centennial Companion. 63 

Pennsylvania Institution for Instruction of the Blind, 
Twentieth and Race streets. 

Pennsylvania Working Home for Blind Men, 3518 
Lancaster avenue. 

Pennsylvania Industrial Home for Blind Women, 3921 
Locust street. 

Indigent Widows and Single Women's Home, Cherry 
below Eighteenth street. 

Boarding Homes for Young Women, 1433 Lombard 
St., 1605 Filbert st., and 915 Clinton street. 

Midnight Mission, 919 Locust street. 

Temporary Home Association of Philadelphia, 505 
North Sixth street. 

Magdalene Society, Twenty-First and Race streets. 

Home for the Homeless, 708 Lombard street. 

Foster Home, Girard avenue, west of House of Re- 
fuge. 

Musical Fund Hall, Locust street, above Eighth. 

Burd Orphan Asylum, three miles west of Market 
street bridge. 

St. John's Male Orphan Asylum, Market st., West 
Philadelphia. 

Besides these there are numerous Relief Societies, the 
most prominent of which are the following : 

Scandinavian Society, 347 South Third street. 

Sons of St. George, southwest corner of Thirteenth 
and Arch Streets. 

Swiss Benevolent Society, Southwest corner of Fourth 
and Wood streets. 

Hibernian Society for the Relief of Emigrants from 
Ireland, office 138 South Front Street. 



64 The Centennial Companion, 

St. Andrews Society, 508 Walnut street. 
The German Society of Philadelphia, 24 South Sev- 
enth street. 

Albion Society, 109 South Third street. 
St. David's Society, 133 South Fifth street. 
French Benevolent Society, 221 Dock street. 
Welch Society, 133 South Fifth street. 
Hebrew Charities, 30 North Seventh street. 



CHAPTER Vn. 

Masonic^ Odd Fellows and Society Halls. 

The New Masonic Temple of PMladelpHa, situated 
on the corner of Broad and Filbert streets, and directly 
north from the eastern part of the new Citj Hall, is one 
of the grandest and most magnificent structures ever 
erected in America. Its external walls are of granite, 
while the inner ones, which will scarcely be noticed on 
account of the wonderful ornamentation which is through- 
out displayed, are of brick. The entire length of the build- 
ing is two hundred and fifty feet, and the three stories 
give an elevation of about eighty feet above the pavement 
on the south or Filbert street front, while the height of the 
western or Broad street front, with its corner towers and 
central section, cannot easily be averaged or estimated. 
The style of architecture is Norman, and so bold, strik- 
ing and elaborate are each of the fronts, that only vigor, 
bpirit and strength are manifest to the beholder upon 
either west or south facades. The particular features 
of the western or main front, are the massive towers 
upon the corners and the porch in the center. The 
main tower upon the southwest corner rises to a height 
of two hundred and fifty feet, and is embellished by or- 
namental windows on its sides, and turrets on its sum- 
mit. Tne ^oxcii 16 omit of Quincy granite, highly 

G 



66 The Centennial Companion, 

polished, and at tlie entrance on either side are four pairs 
of receding pillars, from which spring arched mouldings, 
encu'cled with the most elaborate decorations and gor- 
geous tracing. The doorway conforms to the style of 
churches in the Norman period, and the main fi'ont fold- 
ing doors are seventeen feet high, seven feet wide, six 
inches thick, and embellished with the same high degree 
of elegance and beauty displayed upon the magnificent 
porch. The whole building is erected in the most solid 
and substantial manner and is thoroughly fire-proof. 
The Temple contains several halls, which in architectural 
splendor are truly wonderful. The Grand Lodge and 
Grand Chapter Halls are richly ornamented and fur- 
nished, but the Egyptian Hall, whose ceiling is supported 
by columns patterned fi'om those in the ancient temples 
of Thebes and Memphis, and the cities which were upon 
the Nile, impress all observers by their massive sublim- 
ity and strength, and almost startle the beholder, as 
they instantly direct the mind to the wonderful perfec- 
tion of architecture attained by the nations which erected 
Cleopatra's Needle and the Pyramids. All the furniture 
of this room is of gilded ebony, with black and gold 
trimmings and tapestry. In the grand banqueting hall, 
situated in the northern portion, the composite style of 
architecture is beautifully displayed in the sixteen pairs 
of columns running through it, the capitals of which are 
decorated with representations of fi'uits, flowers and 
game birds. This hall is about one hundred feet in 
length by fifty in width, is furnished with four rows of 
extension tables, at which may be seated five hundred 
persons. 



The Centennial Companion. 67 

We feel that we cannot give more tlian a very faint 
and indistinct idea of this grand structure, upon which 
the architectural skill of ancient and modern times and 
nations is presented, and yet the combinations are so 
perfect, that within and without it is a marvel of har- 
mony, almost a miracle of art. This immense building 
was nearly five years in course of construction, and in- 
volved an expense to the fraternity of about one and a 
half million dollars. We are informed that at least fifty 
thousand '' brethren" were present at its dedication in 
1873, and not only those interested in its erection, but 
the fraternity throughout the whole nation, may feel 
proud, if they visit Philadelphia during the Centennial 
year, when they behold the grandest and most imposing 
Masonic Temple of the world. 

In good weather on Thursday of each week, visitors 
to this stupendous architectural pile, are admitted after 
10 o'clock A. M., and every courtesy is shown to the thou- 
sands of admirers, who annually pass its portals. 

The order of Odd Fellows, though by no means so num- 
erous in this city, as the Masonic fraternity, already num- 
ber many thousands, and about thirty years since seven- 
teen of the principal lodges united in building, at an ex- 
pense of nearly $100,000, the commodious and beautiful 
Odd Fellow^ s Hall upon the corner of Sixth and Ores- 
son streets. The first story upon Sixth street is divided 
into four stores, two upon each side of the main entrance, 
and above these, the sides of the building are adorned 
by receding columns or pilasters, thirty feet in height, 
with capitals in the composite style, and a massive cor- 
nice, above which rises a low story of less ornate finish. 



68 The Centennial Companion* 

Tlie building contains two very large, and six ordinary 
sized lodge rooms, one encampment room, a library and 
tbe office of the Grand Secretary. The Grand Lodge, 
Grand Encampment, forty-seven subordinate lodges, 
twelve encampments and one Degree Lodge, now bold 
their meetings in this hall. 

Besides the leading Secret orders whose Temple and 
Hall we have above noticed, there are several other secret 
orders and societies in this great city, whose halls and 
places of meeting we have not space to describe, but will 
mention their names and location, for the benefit of 
any readers, who may chance to belong to the same or 
similar societies in other parts of the country. 

Knights of Pythias, hall Broad and Spring Garden 
streets. 

Independent Order of Red Men, hall Third and Brown 
streets. 

Improved Order of Red Men, 518 South Tenth street. 

Grand U. 0. of 0. F., hall 602 Spruce Street. 

Patriotic Order, Sons of America, general office, 413 
Chestnut street. 

Order of United American Mechanics, hall Fourth and 
George streets. 

Grand Division of Sons of Temperance of Pennsyl- 
aLia, office 118 South Seventh street. 

In this connection we must mention some of the nu- 
merous clubs which have a permanent organization and 
exercise a powerful influence in this city. The one which 
has the highest and most renowned history and reputation 
is the Union League Club, which originated in 1862, as 
the Union Club, having as its object '' an unwavering 



The Centennial Companion^ 69 

support of the general Government in it efforts for the 
suppression of the Rebellion," and '' to discountenance 
and rebuke, by moral and social influence, all disloyalty 
to the Federal Government." This club, during the war, 
enlisted ten regiments for the Union army, distributed 
more than half a million of ^^ Union Documents," and 
wielded an immense influence upon, if it did not actually 
control, the political affairs of the State. It has now 
about two thousand members, among whom are some of 
the wealthiest, most prominent and influential men of 
the city. The Club, about ten years ago, at the cost of 
$200,000, built a beautiful brown stone hall, w^hich they 
now occupy, at the corner of Broad and Sansom streets. 
It contains a splendid gallery in which are some of the 
finest specimens of statuary, and some of the most ad- 
mirable paintings to be found in the city. 

The Reform Cluh^ which is organized without regard 
to partisan or political inclination, and is open to the 
wives and lady acquaintances of its members (as few 
clubs in the whole nation are), has a spendid marble 
front house on Chestnut street, above Fifteenth street, 
and with the adjacent grounds, which are beautifully de- 
corated with shrubbery and flowers, cost the members 
about two hundred thousand dollars. Here on pleasant ev- 
enings, a fine orchestra discourses sweet music, and the 
members and their guests find agreeable and rational re- 
creation ; and social conviviality relieves the burden im- 
posed on many care-worn minds by the business of each 
day. 

We pass other clubs by, with the bare mention of name 
and location. 



70 The Centennial Companion, 

Americus Club, northeast corner o£ Eleventh and 
Chestnut streets. 

Philadelphia Club, Thirteenth and Walnut sti^eets. 

Penn Club, 506 Walnut street. 

Radical Club, E. M. Davis, President, 333 Walnut 
street. ' 

Schuylkill Navy, James M. Ferguson, Commodore, 15 
North Seventh street. 

Press Club of Philadelphia, 521 Chestnut street. 

1001 Club, 1203 Chestnut street. 

Philadelphia Sketch Club, Merrick street, above Mar- 
ket street. 

Philadelphia Base Ball Club, Fifth and Locust streets. 

Athletic Base Ball Club, northeast corner of Eleventh 
and Chestnut streets. 



CHAPTER Yin. 

Educational, Art and Literary Institutions. 

Abounding, as tlie city of PhiladelpMa does, in build- 
ings of magnificent dimensions, almost perfect symme- 
try, and remarkable architectural beauty, it bas few, if 
any, tbat in either respect surpass those which are the 
Collegiate and Scientific Departments, the Medical 
Department, and the Hospital of the UNiysRSiTY OF 
Pennsylvaitia. They are situated on Academical Hill, 
in West Philadelphia, the first fronting on Locust street, 
west of its intersection with Darby road; the second 
upon Thirty- Sixth street, between Locust and Spruce 
streets, and the Hospital directly south of the first, 
which is styled the Main University Building. It is 
two hundred and sixty feet in length, two stories high 
above the basement, and the wings are about one hun- 
dred feet in depth, and the whole is a splendid specimen 
of modern Gothic architecture. The exterior walls are 
built of serpentine stone, with coping and buttresses of 
another variety, and at the ends of each wing are highly 
ornamented semi-Gothic towers. In the center' of the 
Locust street front is a Gothic porch, supported by highly 
polished marble columns, in which is the main entrance 
to this imposing and beautiful structure ; which is embel- 
lished by pavilions and numerous towers, adding greatly 



72 The Centennial Companion, 

to the superb and striking beauty of the whole, until we 
stop to wonder if architectural genius will ever design any 
more attractive or lovely Temple of Science. 

The Medical Department^ fi'onting on Thirty- Sixth 
street, though of the same general style of architecture 
as the main building, is not so extended, and has a more 
massive and much less graceful appearance. The cen- 
tral portion of the front is finely ornamented, and the 
towers on either side of the cone add much to its comely 
and attractive appearance. 

The Hospital of the University is designed to consist 
of a central structure with six pavilions, and when com- 
pleted will equal, if it does not excel the main building 
in symmetry, but not having such lofty towers or so 
many prominent points for adornment, it will scarcely 
command so much admiration. Only the main building 
and one pavilion are yet finished, and in actual use, and 
years will doubtless elapse before the design of the ar- 
chitect will be fully accomplished. 

These buildings have been constructed with a view 
mainly to the purposes to which they are devoted, and if 
the skill of the architect is apparent upon the exterior, the 
ripe judgment of experienced teachers and lecturers is 
apparent when the visitor enters either the Collegiate or 
Medical Department ; but it is our purpose not to describe 
completely, but to direct the attention of those more 
deeply interested, to these noble and imposing edifices. 
For the benefit of those who delight in facts and figures, 
we will add that the cost of the main building was 
$231,900, and of the portion of the Hospital now com- 
pleted $200,000. 



The Centennial Companion. 73 

This magnificent group of fine buildings stands upon 
a square containing more than six acres, and when a 
Library building (now contemplated,) completes the 
quadrilateral, and the grounds adjacent are as highly im- 
proved as they must be, to correspond with the grand 
pile which surrounds it, not only the city, but the whole 
'* Keystone State,'' may well be proud of its Univer- 
sity. 

Toward the northern part of the city, within a rectan- 
gular tract, containing forty- one acres, extending from 
E-idge avenue, southwestward to Twenty- Fifth street, and 
several hundred feet in width, and which is surrounded 
by a massive marble-capped stone wall about twelve feet 
in height, stands Girard College ^ known to the utmost 
borders of civilization, and a perpetual monument to the 
memory of '' one of God's noblemen," — a genuine phil- 
anthropist. It is one of the most conspicuous ornaments 
of the city, where the great merchant and financier whose 
donations established and sustains it, lived, labored, pros- 
pered and died. 

The main entrance to these extensive grounds, is upon 
the southern side and through a porter's lodge. The vis- 
itor is admitted directly in front of that grand central 
edifice, which is shown in all cuts and engravings as 
** Girard College ;" though four other large marble build- 
ings are within the same enclosure, and are the portion 
in actual use by the students. The design of the main 
building is said to be precisely that of a Grecian Tem- 
ple ; the superstructure resting upon a basement which is 
reached by ascending eleven steps, which extend entirely 
around the building, and from this enormous base rise 



74 The Centennial Companion, 

that immense range of fluted Corinthian columns, whicli 
are the peculiar attractive feature of the whole edifice. 
There are eight of these columns in front and rear, and 
eleven on each side including those at the corners ; they 
are fifty-five feet in height, nearly ten feet in diameter 
at the base, and surmounted by capitals of the Corin- 
thian order eight and one -half feet in height, and these 
support an immense and very elaborate pediment, from 
which rises the splendid marble roof. The length of the 
building surrounded by these enormous columns is one 
hundred and sixty-nine feet, its width one hundred and 
eleven feet, the height from the basement eighty-nine 
feet, and total height about ninety-five feet. The en- 
trances at the north and south fronts are by doors about 
thirty feet in height and sixteen feet wide, and the floor 
is laid with heavy marble blocks. The whole building is 
apparently constructed of marble and iron, and though 
we are informed the inner walls are of brick, no portion 
of brickwork is anywhere visible. This remarkable build- 
ing, erected in strict accordance with the will of the phil- 
anthropic founder, from whatever direction it is viewed, 
presents a most superb, imposing and majestic appear- 
ance, and will be contemplated with pleasure by all who 
have read the biography of the remarkable man, who ac- 
cumulated the immense fortune which built it and sus- 
tains its benevolent scheme, or who reflect upon the ines- 
timable blessings this institution is annually conferring 
upon the poor white fatherless boys of the State of Penn- 
sylvania. 

The other buildings, though they seem diminutive 
in comparison with the stupendous central edifice, are 



The Centennial Companion* 75 

one hundred and twenty-five feet in length, fifty-two 
feet in width and three stories in height. They are built 
of brick with marble facings, have copper covered roofs, 
and, though plain, are commodious and comfortable, and 
in every way adapted to the purposes for which they were 
constructed, viz. : the accommodation of the teachers, 
pupils and domestics. . The grounds are beautifully 
adorned, and the entire cost of the whole was nearly two 
million dollars. Nearly two thousand pupils have been 
received at this famous institution, and there are now 
about five hundred in attendance — the annual expense of 
whose support and instruction is paid from the interest 
upon the residuary estate of the illustrious donor, and 
amounts annually to about one hundred and ninety thou- 
sand dollars. The residuary estate is gradually increas- 
ing, and already amounts to more than four million dol- 
lars, and will ere the close of the present century, be so 
large that its annual interest and profits will maintain as 
many beneficiaries, as the extensive college grounds and 
buildings can accommodate. 

We have said enough to direct attention to this most 
conspicuous structure and splendid ornament of the city 
in which it is situated ; to say enough in eulogy of the 
immortal philanthropist who devoted his princely fortune 
to its construction and perpetual support, we feel is en- 
tirely beyond the scope of our ability, as well as our 
present design. 

The Academy of J^atural Sciences^ now located on 
Broad street above Walnut, but which will eventually be 
removed to the elegant, extensive and highly ornamented 
structure now in process of erection at the corner of 



76 Tke Centennial Companion. 

Race and Nineteenth streets, and wHicli, when finally 
completed, will be one of the most beautiful buildings 
in the whole city, possesses the most amazing collections 
of minerals, rocks, fossils, skeletons, etc., etc., in brief, 
the most extensive museum of natural curiosities in this 
country, if not in the world — at least 400,000 in num- 
ber, and of almost innumerable species and varieties. 
Instruction is here given in the natural sciences and the 
facilities afforded are certainly of a very superior order. 
To this vast museum the public are admitted two days 
of each week at a trifling fee, which is devoted to the 
erection of the new Academy building. 
Several other scientific and literary institutions deserve 
some description, but we have only space for their name 
and location : 

Seminary of St. Charles Borromeo, near Overbrook 
Station on the Pennsylvania Railroad. 

Protestant Episcopal Academy, Locust and Juniper 
streets. 

Lasalle College, 1321 Filbert street. 

Seminary of Lutheran Church, 216 Franklin street. 

St. Joseph's College, Willing's alley, below Fourth 
street. 

Protestant Episcopal Divinity School, Thirty-Ninth 
and Walnut streets. 

Institute for Colored Youth, Ninth and Bainbridge 
streets. 

Boys' High School of Philadelphia, Broad and Green 
streets. 

Girls' High School of Philadelphia, Sergeant street, 
above Tenth street. 



The Centennial Chmpanion, 77 

St. Philip's Literary Institute, 542 Queen street. 

Academy of Fine Arts, Broad and Cherry streets. 

Wagner's Free Institute of Science, Seventeenth street 
and Montgomery avenue. 

Catholic Philopathian Literary. Institute, 1227 Locust 
street. 

Franklin Institute, 15 South Seventh street. 

Franklin Literary Institute, southwest corner of Twelfth 
and Filbert streets. 

School of Design for Women, Filbert and Merrick 
streets. 

Spring Garden Institute, Broad and Spring Garden 
streets. 

Carpenter's Company of Philadelphia, 322 Chestnut 
street. 

Athenaeum, Sixth and Adelphia streets. 

Friends' Social Lyceum, Race and Fifteenth streets. 

Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 820 Spruce street. 

American Literary Union, 1821 Green street. 

Philadelphia Lyceum, southeast corner of Ninth" and 
Spring Garden streets. 

Pennsylvania Literary Association, 528 North Eighth 
street. 

Fairmount Park Art Association, 251 South Fourth 
street. 

Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia, 
524 Walnut street. 

Shakespeare Society of Philadelphia, No. 704 Walnut 
street. 

Wheatley Dramatic Association, Fifth and Gaskill 
streets. 



78 The Centennial Companion. 

American Entomological Society, 519 South Thir- 
teenth street. 

Handel and Haydn Society, 533 North Eighth street. 

The name and location of Medical colleges may be 
of especial interest to i^any, hence we give the follow- 
ing, viz : 

Jefferson Medical College, Tenth, below (which means 
south) of Chestnut street. 

American Medical Association, Wm. B. Atkinson, 
Secretary, southwest corner of Broad and Pine streets. 

Northern Medical Association, 608 Fairmount avenue. 

College of Physicians of Philadelphia, Thirteenth and 
Locust streets. 

Alumni Association of Philadelphia College of Phar- 
macy, Tenth, above Cherry street. 

Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, North Tenth, near 
Race street. 

University of Pennsylvania, Thirty -Eourth and Spruce 
streets. 

Philadelphia Medical Society, Thirteenth and Locust 
streets. 

American Listitute of Homoeopathy, 913 North Tenth 
street. 

Hahueman Medical College, 1105 Filbert street. 

Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, southeast 
corner Arch and Tenth streets. 

Philadelphia Dental College, 108 North Tenth street. 

Woman's Medical College of Penns3'lvania, North 
College avenue and Twenty- Second street. 

We complete this chapter by giving the name and lo- 



The Centennial Companion, 79 

cation of the principal libraries in the city. They will 
be found as follows : 

Philadelphia Library, corner of Fifth and Library 
streets. 

Mercantile Library, Tenth, above Chestnut street. 

Apprentices' Library, Fifth and Arch streets. 

Friends' Library, 304 Arch street ; also Race and 
Fifteenth streets. 

Law Library, Sixth and Walnut streets. 

Franklin Library, 1420 Frankf ord avenue. 

Ridgeway Library, Broad and Christian streets. 

Mechanics' Library, 1104 South Fifth street. 

American Mechanics' Library, Fourth and George 
streets. 

German Library, 24 South Seventh street. 

Dial Library, 1600 South Fifth street. 

Southwark Library, 765 South Second street. 

Kensington Library, Girard avenue and Day street. 

Moyamensing Library, Eleventh and Catherine streets. 

James Page Library, 208 East Girard avenue. 

Hermann Library, 347 North Third street. 

Taber Mutual Library, 1721 Fitzwater street. 



I 



CHAPTER IX. 

Churches and Religious Societies. 

Upon Eighteentli street, above Race, fronting west- 
ward upon Logan Square, stands the stately and majestic 
Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul, one of the grand- 
est and most imposing religious edifices upon the conti- 
nent. The work upon this great structure, which is 
two hundred and sixteen feet in length, one hundred and 
thirty- six feet in width, and the height to the apex of 
the pediment one hundred and one feet, while the enor- 
mous dome, about seventy feet in diameter at the base, 
rises to the height of two hundred and ten feet, was pro- 
jected by Bishop Kenrick in 1846, and was brought to 
completion and dedicated under the direction of the 
distinguished Bishop Wood, his successor, in 1864 — the 
celebrated Le Brun being the architect of the main buil- 
ding, and Notman of the immense facade, which consists 
of a broad and highly embellished portico supported by 
four huge and colossal columns, about six feet in diame- 
ter and sixty feet in height, having finely decorated capi- 
tals. The external walls are of brown stone, and the 
cost of the entire structure was more than a million of 
dollars, a considerable portion of which was expended 
upon the magnificent fi^esco work and painting of the in- 
terior, which is wonderfully significant as well as beauti- 



The Centennial Companion. 81 

ful. The style of tlie wliole edifice may be classed as Ro- 
man Corinthian, and the most striking peculiarity of the 
whole is that there are no side windows, the whole being 
lighted from above, and the light being so thrown through 
stained glass windows, wondrously augments the rare 
beauty of the solemn pictures, and adds vastly to the 
feelings of awe and reverential admiration which thrill the 
devotional beholder. As Girard College, only a few blocks 
to the northward, stands in perpetual commemoration of 
the munificent philanthropy of its founder, so is this 
great and gorgeous Cathedral, a monument of the relig- 
ious zeal and unwavering devotion of the denomination 
by which it was erected. 

Upon the corner of Arch and Broad streets is erected 
one of the most elegant, grand and beautiful of all the 
sacred edifices in the whole city, known as the Arch 
Street Methodist Episcopal Church, In style of 
architecture it is purely Gothic, and being constructed 
entirely of white marble, with a symmetrical and slender 
spire, wdiich rises to the height of two hundred and thir- 
ty-three feet, all superbly finished and decorated, it com- 
mands the admiration of all who behold it, and is truly 
styled a marvel of beauty. 

Among the remarkable church edifices of the city, 
none will be more likely to attract the attention of a 
stranger, than a singular structure, also upon the corner 
of Arch and Broad streets, and in the immediate neigh- 
borhood of the church above described, as well as the 
Masonic Temple. In peculiarity of style (we do not 
venture to place it in any order), the JYew Lutheran 
Church, or more properly St. John's Lutheran 



82 The Centennial Companion, 

Churchy stands without a rival, and yet the only fea- 
ture of the whole building which renders it so conspicu- 
ous, is the massive tower at the northeast corner, the de- 
sign of which is most decidedly unique and surprising. 
It is twenty-six feet square, and from the base to the 
height of more than ninety feet, with the exception of 
doors and windows, is uniform in size and like a massive 
shaft, standing far above the main building bold and in- 
dependent, yet at this elevation (only ninety- two feet by 
actual measurement) circular turrets which are fifty- two 
feet in height, including pinnacles, are projected upon 
each corner, and between these rises a slate roof, very 
steep and of the mansard style, to the height of about 
eighty feet, and the apex is surmounted with an orna- 
mented iron railing. The windows upon both Broad and 
Arch street fronts are of stained glass and of magnifi- 
cent height and proportions. The interior of the build- 
ing far surpasses the exterior in the richness and splendor 
of its decorations. 

The Centennial visitor will do well to visit these gor- 
geous places of worship erected by the wealthy, and re- 
presentative of the opulence of a great and prosperous 
city; yet while so doing will doubtless, with one of 
America's noblest and best poets, remember and reflect, 
*'the groves were God's first temples," and that the 
humble devotions of the pure in heart are as acceptable 
to the Most High, when offered in the grove or primitive 
log- cabin, as in the most wonderful and gorgeous tem- 
ples ever reared by human hands. 

To very many other striking and lovely church edifices 
we would gladly direct attention, and attempt a descrip- 



The Centennial Companion. S3 

tion in our feeble way, did space permit. But as to 
others we must content ourselves with the bare mention 
of name and location. Notice, kind reader, and if you 
remain here during a Sabbath, visit one of the following 
named places of worship, viz : 

Church of the Messiah (Presbyterian), corner of 
Broad and Federal streets. 

Beth Eden Church, Broad, north of Spruce street. 

First Baptist Church, Broad and Arch streets. 

Grace M. E. Church, northwest corner of Broad and 
Master streets. 

Baptist Tabernacle, north side of Chestnut street, 
above Eighteenth. 

Christ Church, Second street, (see " Objects of His- 
torical Interest.") 

St. Paul's Church, Third street, below Walnut. 

St. Stephen's Church, Tenth street, between Market 
and Chestnut streets. 

St. John's Church, east side of Thirteenth street, 
above (north) Chestnut. 

First Presbyterian Church, south of and fronting on 
Washington square. 

Messiah Universalist Church, Locust street, west of 
University Buildings. 

First Unitarian Church, corner of Locust and Tenth 
streets. 

St. Andrew's Church, Eighth street, above Spruce. 

St. Joseph's (Catholic) Church, near Reading Rail- 
road Depot. 

Old St. Mary's Church, on Fourth street, below Wil- 
ling's alley. 



84 The Centennial Companion. 

Old Pine Street, or Third Presbyterian Churcli, corner 
of Pine and Fourth streets. 

Gloria Die, or Old Swede's Churcli, Sansom street, 
below Christian street, near old Navj Yard. 

Second Presbyterian Church, southeast corner of Wal- 
nut and Twenty-First streets. 

Holy Trinity Church, northwest corner of Nineteenth 
and Walnut streets. 

St. Clement's Church, corner of Cherry and Twen- 
tieth streets. 

Old Methodist Episcopal Church, east side Fourth 
street, below New street. 

St. Augustine's Church, west side Fourth street. 

Fifth Baptist Church, corner of Eighteenth and Spring 
Garden streets. 

Berean Church, corner Chestnut and Fortieth streets. 

First Baptist Church (W. Phila.), Chestnut and Thir- 
ty-Sixth street. 

Catholic Church, Chestnut and Thirty-Eighth streets. 

St. Peter's Church (Catholic), corner of Fifth street 
and Girard avenue. 

St. Luke's Episcopal Church (Protestant), Thirteenth 
street, below Locust. 

Swedenborgian Church, corner Brandywine and North 
Broad streets. 

Hicksite Meeting House (Quaker), south side Race, 
above Fifteenth street. 

Quaker Meeting House, Arch street, between Ninth 
and Tenth streets. 

Methodist Episcopal Mariner's Chapel, Washington 
avenue and Water street. 



The Centennial Companion* 85 

In this connection we give tlie following List of Reli- 
gious Publication Societies and Associations : 

American Tract Society, 1408 Chestnut street. 

Protestant Episcopal Book Society, 1234 Chestnut 
street. 

Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1334 Chestnut 
street. 

Hebrew Education Society, North Seventh street, near 
Callowhill. 

American Baptist Publication Society, 530 Arch street. 

Evangelical Lutheran Publication Society, 117 North 
Sixth street. 

Pennsylvania Bible Society, 701 Walnut street. 

Reformed Episcopal Publication Society, 1227 San- 
som street. 

Friend's Book Association, 109 North Tenth street. 

Methodist Episcopal Publication Rooms, 1018 Arch 
street. 

Friend's Bible Association of America, 116 North 
Fourth street. 

American Sunday School Union, 1122 Chestnut street. 

Episcopal Female Tract Depository, 1316 Chestnut 
street. 

German Reformed Board of Home Missions, 2043 
Wallace street. 

Young Men's Christian Association, 1210 Chestnut 
street. 



CHAPTER X. 
Cemeteries, Monuments, Etc, 

The immemorial custom, long prevalent in England, of 
consigning the sacred dust of the " dear departed" to a 
grave in an enclosure containing a church, thereby in 
some degree assimilating the services of the sanctuary, 
and solemn rites of the church, to the great change when 
the " mortal puts on immortality," and hence enshroud- 
ing Religion with a sombre mantle, instead of a cheerful 
and love-inspiring garb, seems to have been adopted in 
early years in Philadelphia, and we notice to the rear and 
sometimes upon the sides of some of the oldest churches 
in the city, ancient, weather-stained gravestones, a verit- 
able " churchyard," such as is immortalized in Gray's 
Elegy. In an early day too, blocks and parts of blocks, 
now in the heart of the great city, around which the din, 
rattle and rumble of hundi^eds of vehicles is constantly 
heard, were consecrated to the interment of these who 
had done with " life's fitful fever ;" and these surrounded 
by massive walls, (long since filled with graves), and 
nicely laid off with walks and ornamented with trees and 
shrubbery, strike the beholder though beautiful, as out of 
place, or rather, as at present misplaced. 

To the honor of the city it must be said that all the 
cemeteries in the city, and we believe the number eauals 



The Centennial Companion, 87 

that of tlie years allotted to man's earthly existence, are 
surrounded by walls or substantial fences, are generally 
laid out with graveled walks, between the long rows of 
marble slabs and memorial columns, frequently decor- 
ated with trees and shrubbery, and are without exception 
so far as we have noticed, kept in an excellent state of 
repair. To attempt to describe even a small portion of 
or to compare them with each other, would be no trifling 
task and one entirely beyond and aside from our present 
intention. We cannot however forbear to direct atten- 
tion specially to two or three, as worthy of the inspection 
of all visitors to the city and tourists. 

Toward the northwestern part of the city, separated 
only by the river road which leads from that part of 
Fairmount Park lying east of the Schuylkill to the por- 
tion along the banks of the Wissahickon, froni the banks 
of the lovely Schuylkill and extending to the eastward to 
Ridge avenue, and containing more than a hundred acres, 
unrivaled in the whole world as to location, is Laurel 
Hill Cemetery^ a truly modern improvement on the 
gloomy churchyards of ^' the olden time." 

Though this beautiful Cemetery was not laid out until 
1835, it is said that more than twenty thousand bodies 
are here interred, many having been removed from the 
original repositories in the heart of the city ; for as in 
other cities, by the extension of streets and other improve- 
ments incidental and apparently necessary to the growth 
of a grand metropolis, some of the old graveyards and 
burial grounds have been cut through and broken up, and 
in some instances in laying the foundations for stores 
and other buildings, the skulls and bones of some whp 



88 The Centennial Companion, 

•walked these streets a century and more ago, have been 
ruthlessly interfered with ; and if no descendants came 
forward to take charge of what remained, the hones of 
scores if not hundreds, were consigned to one common 
grave. But let us turn from the contemplation of scenes 
so unsightly and repulsive, and enter* Laurel Hill Ceme- 
tery fi'om the main entrance on Eidge avenue. Passing 
through the corridor of Doric columns, in the brown stone 
building or entrance lodge, we come in sight of many 
hundreds of polished granite and marble shafts, amidst 
the trees and shrubbery which decorate the undulating 
summit of the ridge, and the grounds sloping towards 
the river. Near the entrance we stop to notice Thorn's 
famous group styled '^ Old Mortality," and next the 
obelisk upon the grave of the Mariner's friend, God- 
frey, the inventor of the quadrantc Soon we come to a 
Gothic Chapel, and here pause to notice shafts and mon- 
uments of exceeding beauty, but we cannot take space 
to particularize. 

The memorials of Gen Mercer, who fell at Princeton, 
of Gen Triggs in the Mexican War, of Commodore Hull, 
of John Fitch the real inventor of the steamboat ; Thomas 
McKean, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, 
Charles Thompson, Secretary of the Continental Con- 
' gress, and Dr, Elisha Kane, the Arctic Explorer, are es- 
pecially noticeable, as are also the monuments to the 
memory of many others, whose names are conspicuous 
upon the pages of our Nation's history, as well as thou- 
sands who in the humbler walks of life, were surrounded 
by " troops of friends^" and well performed theii' several 



The Centennial Companion, 89 

parts upon the stage of life, and jet, outside of their 
own State and city, are '' unknown to fame." 

The chapel-shaped Italian marble vault of the Godey 
family is singularly elegant and symmetrical ; the memor- 
ial of the Sanders family most superb and imposing^ 
and the marble that marks the last resting place of Isabel 
Coleman, is a very paragon of grace and loveliness, a 
noble specimen of art. 

To the eastward on the opposite side of Ridge avenue 
is Mount Vernon Cemetery ^ and to northward of this 
on Nicetown Lane, Mount Peace Cemetery^ which con- 
tain many noble shafts and beautiful monuments, as well 
as thousands of plain or but slightly ornamented marble 
slabs, marking the final resting place of those who have 
lived and loved, enjoyed and suffered, and departed to 
that " bourne whence no traveler returns." 

Upon the left, after passing Bleckley almshouse on 
the Darby road, we come to Woodland Cemetery^ one 
of the most remarkable in the United States. It lies 
between Darby road and the Schuylkill, along which 
there is a walled front, and was formerly the Hamilton 
estate ; and there still remains within the grounds the 
grand stone mansion erected by one of the family a few 
years subsequent to the revolutionary war. The ceme- 
tery contains about eighty acres and is mainly filled with 
huge and stately forest trees, among which the oaks, 
elms and poplars predominate, though there are many 
other varieties, indeed, nearly all which endure the 
severity and sudden changes of this latitude. Passing 
through this magnificent grove, the visitor comes in 
sight of some of the most superb and imposing menu? 



90 The Centennial Companion, 

ments and shafts ever, in modern times, erected. Those 
specially attracting attention are upon the graves of 
Commodore David Porter, Admiral Stuart, the "Old 
Ironsides" of the American navy, Courtland Sanders, 
Lieut. Greble and many others. The shaft with architec- 
tural decorations upon the grave of the celebrated Dr. 
David Jayne, whose medicines are known wherever the 
English language is spoken, , and that of William H. 
Moore, with pinnacles and towers and embellished with 
almost a superfluity of ornamentation, will not fail to 
be noticed. 

The mausoleum of the Drexel family, built of white 
marble, nearly in the style of some temple of ancient 
Greece, the frontal pediment being supported by Doric 
columns, is one of the most splendid and beautiful, as 
well as expensive monuments ever erected in this 
country. In this cemetery are also the graves of Maj. 
Gen. Birney, Rev. Stephen H. Tyng and many other 
distinguished men of the present century. These mem- 
orably lovely grounds were not, devoted to the present 
use until about the year 1840, and now contain less than 
eight thousand graves. The especial charm which this 
**City of the Silent" possesses, is not so much in the 
monuments which have been reared by the wealthy at 
enormous expense, as in the silent grandeur of its forest 
groves, its natural adornments. 

Monumental Cemetery, situated on the west side of 
Broad street, and extending from a short distance above 
Montgomery avenue to above Norris street, is chiefly 
noted for its central granite monument, erected jointly 
to the memory of Washington and Lafayette, names 



The Centennial Companion, 91 

dear to the heart of every American citizen. The di- 
mensions of the several parts of this magnificent monu- 
ment, are made to represent or correspond with the ages 
of the immortal heroes, the number of original States, and 
the number when the monument was erected, the num- 
ber of signers of the Declaration of Independence, etc. 
There are many other minor monuments in this fine 
cemetery, but the grand one from which it takes its 
name, is apt to absorb all attention from them. 

West Laurel Hill Cemetery^ on Belmont avenue, 
beyond the city limits, and situated on a lofty eminence, 
seems, for several reasons, to be specially adapted to 
become one of the most beautiful and attractive places 
of the kind ever selected. The views of the Schuylkill, 
and surrounding country from it, are exceedingly pic- 
turesque and delightful. As only a few years have 
elapsed since it was laid out, it owes its loveliness much 
more to nature than the adornment of art. 

The statue of Lincoln and the memorial to the mem- 
ory of Grafi", in Fairmount, are deserving of a minute 
description, but we must pass them by, to give the name 
and location of some of the many cemeteries in the city. 

Cathedral Cemetery is situated on Lancaster avenue 
and Forty-Eighth street. 

Glenwood Cemetery, Ridge avenue and Islington 
Lane. Ofiice, 16 N. Seventh street. 

Odd Fellows' Cemetery, Twenth-Fourth street and 
Islington Lane.. 

Knights of Pythias Cemetery, Fisher's Lane and 
Asylum Turnpike. Office, 2054 N. Sixth street. 

Lafayette Cemetery, Nintl^ and Wharton streetf. 



92 The Centennial Companion, 

Bethel Enestli Cemetery, Fislier's avenue and Market 
street, West Philadelphia. 

City Burial Ground, Hart Lane and Lamb's Tavern 
road. 

Friend's Cemetery, Fourth and Arch streets. 

Mount Moriah Cemetery, Darby road. Office, 132 
S. Sixth street. 

United American Mechanics' Cemetery, Twenty-Fourth 
street and Islington Lane. 

Christ Church Cemetery, Fifth and Arch streets. 

Swedish Church Cemetery, 931 Otsego street. 
■ Fernwood Cemetery, Church Lane and Baltimore 
Turnpike. Office, 146 S. Fourth street. 

Cedar Hill Cemetery, 4610 Frankford avenue. 

Hebrew Cemetery, Frankford. 

Bonaldson's Cemetery, Ninth and Bainbridge streets. 

Macphelah Cemetery, Washington avenue and Tenth 
street. 

St. Peter's Cemetery, Third and Pine streets. 

Lebanon Cemetery, Pass yunk avenue and Penrose 
Ferry road. Office, 716 Lombard street. 

Union Cemetery, Washington avenue and Sixth street. 

New Cathedral Cemetery, Second street road, near 
Nicetown. 

Laurel Hill Cemetery office, 524 Walnut street. 

Woodland Cemetery office, 709 Walnut street. 

West Laurel Hill Cemetery office, 115 S. Fifth street. 

Mt. Vernon Cemetery office, 137 S. Fifth street 



CHAPTER XI. 

Places of tdmusements. 

Those wlio toil earnestly with hand or brain, find rest 
and recreation among the necessities of human nature ; 
and as those whose lives are devoted to physical toil usu- 
ally find solace in the pipe of tobacco, the fireside chat 
and strength-giving sleep ; those whose mental powers 
are taxed to the utmost by the cares and vexations of 
business, are wont to seek recreation, a relief for the 
mind, by something which will entirely distract it from 
the afi'airs with which it is burdened. Hence for all, but 
more especially for the class secondly above namad, we 
find in all large cities many places of recreation and 
amusement. Of those afforded by the City of Philadel- 
phia, whether properly or not we are by no means cer- 
tain, we place in the foremost rank the Zoological 
Gardens^ which are held and controlled by the Zoologi- 
cal Society of Philadelphia. These extensive gardens, 
covering a tract of about thirty- five acres, are situated 
in that part of Fairmount Park, lying immediately west 
of the Schuylkill river, and south of Girard avenue. It 
was formerly known as the *' Solitude," and here still re- 
mains an ancient house of somewhat English manorial 
style, surrounded by a grove of more than a century's 
growth, which was built by John Penn, the grandson of 



94 The Centennial Companion. 



I 



the founder of the City ; and owned by his descendants 
until acquired by the park commissioners, when it was 
determined to extend the park to the westward of the 
river. The Zoological Society having leased it, have, 
within a few years, made many valuable improvements, 
in adapting the extensive and lovely grounds to the keep- 
ing and exhibition of their numerous birds and animals. 

They have a deer park, buffalo park, a beaver dam, a 
house furnishing winter quarters for animals brought 
from tropical climates, bear pits and a tasteful and ele- 
gant house for monkeys. 

The collection is very numerous, consisting of ele- 
phants, lions, tigers, giraffes, buffaloes, kangaroos, hye- 
nas, deer, wolves, beavers, prairie dogs, etc. 

The aviary is also a very elegant structure and espe- 
cially adapted to the wants of its feathered inmates, of 
which we shall not attempt to give even a partial list. 

The Society have agents in almost every part of the 
globe securing and shipping to them rare and interesting 
specimens, and thus additions are constantly being made 
to their now extensive catalogue of beasts and birds, and 
they intend in the course of a few years to make their 
collection as complete as those of the famous Zoological 
Gardens of Paris and London. 

Of the numerous theatres which nightly attract thou- 
sands to behold the displays of the " histrionic art," we. 
can only give a very brief description of one of the old- 
est and most prominent. Walnut Street Theatre^ upon 
the northwest corner of Walnut and Ninth streets, was 
built as early as 1809, but has since been thoroughly re- 
modeled and refitted. It has a marble front upon Walnut 



The Centennial Companion, 95 

street ninety feet in width, two stories in height and em-^ 
bellished with a range of Doric columns, and a depth of 
nearly one hundred and fifty feet* The interior is ar- 
ranged so that in parquette, dress circle, balcony and 
family circle there are about fifteen hundred elegant, 
upholstered and exceedingly comfortable seats. The en- 
tire finishing and furnishing is rich and tasteful, and 
beneath the intense light presents a most gorgeous ap- 
pearance. The stage is a model and the scenery the fin- 
est that can be procured *' without regard to expense." 
Here Kean, Kemble, Forrest and many other noted 
* 'stars" have made some of their grandest efforts, have 
thrilled their auditors with delight, and received the full 
meed of generous applause. Here too Ristori, Janaus- 
chauk and others gifted with the powers of song, have 
shone in the zenith of their fame, and here the '' stars'^ 
of the present day will be found each season. 

We append the name and location of the other princi- 
pal theaters, opera houses, etc. 

Chestnut Street Theatre, Chestnut street, above Twelfth 
street. 

Arch Street Theatre, Mrs. John Drews, Arch, above 
Sixth street. 

Col. Wood's Museum, Arch and Sixth streets. 

Arch Street Opera House, Arch and Tenth streets. 

Fox's Theatre, Chestnut street, above Tenth. 

New Eleventh Street Opera House, Eleventh street, 
above Chestnut. 

Academy of Music, Broad and Locust streets. 

Concert Hall, Chestnut street, below Thirteenth. 

Musical Fund Hall, Locust street, below Eighth. 



96 The Centennial Companion. 

Grand Central Variety, Walnut street, above Eightli. 

Horticultural Hall, Broad street, adjoining Academy 
of Music. 

Noonan's Varieties, Ninth and Chestnut streets. 

Pt. Breeze Racing Park, Pt. Breeze near Penrose 
Ferry Bridge. 

Union Racing Park, Lamb Tavern Road, west of 
Broad street. 

Smith's Island, opposite Delaware Front. 



CHAPTER Xn. 
Hotels, 

To those residing at a distance, and who intend to 
tigit the city, partake in the celebration of the One Hun- 
dreth Annitersary of our national existence, attend the 
great international exhibition, and examine the most 
"Wonderful displays in the departments of art, science, 
taafiiifactured and agricultural products, which have ever 
been bfOUght together for exhibition, at any time or 
place ; the question, where shall we find a temporary 
abode, where lodge and where satisfy the demands of hun- 
ger and thirst, are of constantly recurring and vital inter- 
est ; and unless in some way assured that entertainment 
can be procured at some price in the city, or at the Cen- 
tennial grounds, many thousands will abandon the idea 
of becoming a '^Centennial visitor," as altogether im- 
possible or chimerical. 

To all who contemplate attending the grand Centen- 
nial, we can say that the City of Philadelphia has within 
its limits a very large number of established hotels, some 
of which are of enormous dimensions, containing ''all 
the modern conveniences," and furnished in the highest 
style of elegance and fashion ; and others in a more 
plain, less ostentatious manner. Further, that in the 
vicinity of the Centennial grounds several large and very 

9 



98 The Centennial Companion, 

commodious structures of like character have already 
been erected, and many more will in a few weeks be 
built, finished and furnished ready for the accommodation 
of hundreds of guests, with a degree of celerity known 
only to the American people, and wholly marvellous to 
those of the older nations of the world. 

Besides the accommodations which the established and 
temporary hotels can furnish, a vast number of visitors 
will find hundreds, probably thousands, of good board- 
ing houses, in which many of the comforts of home may 
be enjoyed, and temporary privations endured as a mat- 
ter of necessity. Though we are aware that the means 
of speedy transit afforded by the railroads, will allow 
many to secure the necessary accommodations of which 
we are speaking in New York City, and other cities and 
towns less distant upon their lines, we are still, after dil- 
igent inquiry, unable to ascertain how all will be supplied, 
unless, by Government aid, resort is had to tents, and 
vast camps are established on all the open grounds con- 
tiguous to the city. 

Of the established hotels in the city, the Continental 
Hotels at the corner of Chestnut and Ninth streets, and 
extending from Chestnut to Sansom streets, six stories 
in height, and covering an area of nearly forty-two 
thousand square feet, is the largest, and for more than 
fifteen years has obtained a large attendance, and the 
highest commendation of the traveling public. Its 
grand elevator carries the guests from the lower to the 
highest story. Its rooms are large and richly up- 
holstered. Its table is provided as well with the substan- 
tial articles of diet as with almost every delicacy of the 



The Centennial Companion, 99 

land. Its telegraph office and baggage rooms are espe- 
cially convenient to business men. Its parlors are com- 
modious and elegant. In brief, in every respect its ap- 
pointments are most complete and perfect, and it richly 
deserves the name of an elegant first-class American 
Hotel. 

The Girard Hotel, directly opposite, is also very 
large and commodious, is superbly furnished in every 
part, and as to its parlors, rooms, tables, etc., is an hon- 
orable rival of the Continental, and its enterprising and 
undaunted competitor for public favor. Its guests secure 
polite and unremitted attention, and to their favorable 
reports it owes its great and ever -increasing popularity. 

The Colonnade Hotel, on the southwest corner of 
Chestnut and Fifteenth streets, is one of the most im- 
posing and best constructed buildings in this part of the 
city, and in every way adapted to the purposes which the 
owner and proprietor had in view at the time of its erec- 
tion. In every respect it will compare most favorably 
with the Continental and Girard, and can scarcely be 
surpassed in its comforts and conveniences by any hotel 
in this or the other great cities of this country. 

The Grand Union Hotel, upon Eleventh, Cambria 
and Somerset streets (in the northern part of the city), 
opened on January 1, 1876, is one of the largest and 
best arranged hotels in the city, and will accommodate 
two thousand guests during the Centennial year. It is 
built of serpentine stone with mansard slate roof, is 
neatly and elegantly furnished, and provided with all the 
modern improvements ; and though not in the heart or 
business part of the city, by means of the street cars is 



100 The Centennial Companion. 

almost as convenient for those doing business upon tlie 
main business streets ; and is also bj the same means in 
constant communication with the Centennial Grounds, 
^(rhose visitors it is specially intended to accommodate. 
Of the less pretentious, but doubtless very nearly as 
comfortable hotels, we can only give the name and lo- 
cation, 

Bingham Hotel, Eleventh and Market streets, 

American Hotel, 517 Chestnut street. 

Washington Hotel, 711 Chestnut street. 

St. Stephen's Hotel, 1018 Chestnut street. 

LaPierre Hotel, South Broad, below Chestnut street. 

St. Elmo Hotel, 317 Arch street. 

Eagle Hotel, 227 N. Third street. 

Merchant's Hotel, 42 N. Fourth street. 

Merchant's Hotel, 415 N. Third street. 

Bald Eagle Hotel, 414 N. Third street. 

Black Bear Hotel, 425 N. Third street. 

Guy's Hotel, Seventh and Chestnut streets. 

Pennsylvania Farmers' Hotel, 342 N. Third street. 

Ridgeway Hotel, 1 Market street. 

Commercial Hotel, 826 Market street. 

Central Avenue Hotel, 831 Market street. 

Alleghany Hotel, 812 Market street. 

Bull's Head Hotel, 1025 Market street. 

Great Western Hotel, 1311 Market street. 

Johnson Hotel, 1115 Market street. 

National Hotel, 1715 Market street. 

New Market Hotel, 1619 Market street. 

Wm. Penn Hotel, 431 Market street. 

Allen House, 1220 Market street. 



The Centennial Gorripdniofii 101 

Bull's Head Hotel, 3734 Market street, W. PMla- 
delphia. 
Germania Hotel, 2330 Market street. 
Arcli Street Hotel, 1 Arch street. 
European House, 313 Arch street. 
Mansion House, 619 Arch street. 
Central Hotel, 623 Arch street. 
St. Cloud Hotel, 709 Arch street. 
Barley Sheaf Hotel, 257 N. Second street. 
Black Horse Hotel, 352 N. Second street. 
White Horse Hotel, 316 N. Third street. 
Sorrel Horse Hotel, 268 N. Fourth street. 
Brennan Hotel, 728 Filbert street. 
Smedlej's Hotel, 1227 Filbert street. 
St. James Hotel, 304 Race street. 
White Bear Hotel, Fifth and Race streets. 
Zeisse Hotel, 820 Walnut street. 
Irving Hotel, 917 Walnut street. 
Brevort Hotel, Ninth and Walnut streets. 
Petry's Hotel, Broad and Walnut streets. 
Clarendon Hotel, 115 S. Eighth street. 
Brady Hotel, 242 N. Eighth street. 
Penn Manor, Eighth and Spring Garden streets. 
Golden Fleece Hotel, 310 Cherry street. 
Manufacturer's Hotel, 312 Cherry street. 
Markoe Hotel, 919 Chestnut street. 
Tiger Hotel, 327 Vine street. 
Columbia Hotel, 111 N. Broad street. 
Columbia Hotel, 216 N. Second street. 
Red Lion Hotel, 472 K Second street. 
Top Gallant Hotel, Broad street and Ridge avenue. 



102 The Centennial Companion, 

Clinton Hotel, 1608 Ridge avenue. 
Montgomery Hotel, 413 N. Sixth street. 
Lincoln Hotel, Fourth and Wood streets. 
St. Charles Hotel, 54 N. Third street. 
Mercantile Hotel, 23 S. Tenth street. 
Globe Hotel, Belmont, below Elm avenue. 



CHAPTER Xm. 

Banks ^ Deposit Companies^ Etc. 

Of tlie many substantial and expensive buildings wbicb 
grace the streets of PhiladelpMa, none are more likely 
to rivet the attention of all, than those which have been 
constructed for banking and similar purposes. A lead- 
ing characteristic of all, is the massive solidity of their 
facades, nearly all being built of brown stone, granite 
or marble, and though generally plain, with heavy orna- 
mented cornices, upon some are displayed fine speci- 
mens of ancient and modern architecture. The group 
on the north side of Chestnut street, between Fourth and 
Fifth streets, is among the most magnificent, and will 
be noted by all passing observers, even upon a street 
where most of the buildings are five stories in height, 
and marble and brown stone fronts very numerous ; be- 
cause it is unusual to find together five such valuable, 
symmetricaland highly finished structures, each costing 
at least two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The 
marble front, next to Fourth street, is owned and occu- 
pied by the Philadelphia Trust and Safe Deposit 
Company ; the next, also of marble, is the Philadel- 
phia JVational Bank ; next, of beautiful white marble, 
is the Farmers and Mechanics* Bank. Fourth in 
the row is the banking house of the Pennsylvania 



104 The Centennial Companion, 

Company for Insurance on Lives and Granting 
Annuities, built of dark colored granite, very massive 
and compact in appearance ; and the last is the People^ s 
Bank, also of granite of a lighter shade, but of equal 
solidity and strength. We will attempt no further des- 
cription of this admirable row of costly buildings, of 
which the pure whiteness of the central is perhaps the 
most striking feature. 

On the south of Chestnut street, between Third and 
Fourth streets, stands a peculiar and profusely orna- 
mented structure, in which the business of the Guaran- 
tee and Safe Deposit Company is transacted. The 
style of architecture is the modern Italian, and the front 
is of three parts or sections ; the central containing the 
entrance, and upon each side are enormous pavilions, which 
rise to the height of the apex of the centre, and are com- 
pleted by mansard towers, with ornamental iron railings. 
The various colored brick of the walls, the curved stone 
used in the projections and around the windows, and the 
excess of ornamentation all combine to give the edifice a 
most remarkable appearance. 

The magnificent granite structure on the northwest 
corner of Chestnut and Tenth streets, built by the Mu- 
tual Life Insurance Company of ^ew York, is one 
of the most beautiful and exquisitely finished buildings in 
the whole City, but we have not space for description. 

As a directory to the banks, etc., we give the name and 
location of the following : 

Bank Clearing House, 429 Chestnut street. 

Bank of North America, 307 Chestnut street. 

Commercial National Bank, 314 Chestnut street. 



The Centennial Companion. 105 

Commonwealtli National Bank, Fourtli and Chestmit 
streets. 

Corn Exchange National Bank, northeast corner Sec- 
ond and Chestnut streets. 

Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, 427 Chestnut street 

First National Bank, 313 Chestnut street. 

Keystone (State) Bank, 1326 Chestnut street. 

National Bank of Commerce, 209 Chestnut street. 

National Bank of the Republic, 318 Chestnut street. 

People's (State) Bank, Chestnut street, below Fifth. 

Philadelphia National Bank, 423 Chestnut street. 

Union Banking Company, 310 Chestnut street. 

United States Banking Company, 824 Chestnut street. 

Western National Bank, 408 Chestnut street. 

Girard National Bank, Third street, below Chestnut. 

Consolidation National Bank, 331 N. Third street. 

Manufacturers' National Bank, 27 N. Third street. 

Mechanics' National Bank, 22 S. Third street. 

Tradesman's National Bank, 113 S. Third street. 

Union National Bank, Third and Arch streets. 

Bank of America, 306 Walnut street. 

Citizens' Bank, Second and Race streets. 

City National Bank, 32 N. Sixth street. 

National Bank of Northern States, 300 N. Third 
street. 

Penn National Bank, Sixth and Yine streets. 

Eighth National Bank, Second street and Girard 
avenue. 

National Security Bank, Seventh street and Girard 
avenue. 

Kensington National Bank, 969 Beach street. 



106 The Centennial Companion, 

Manayunk (State) Bank, 4371 Main street. 

Merchants' Exchange Bank, adjoining Merchants' Ex- 
change, Third, Walnut and Dock streets. 

National Bank of Germantown, 4800 Germantown 
avenue. 

Second National Bank, 4434 Frankford avenue. 

Seventh National Bank, northwest corner of Fourth 
and Market streets. 

State Bank, 216 Market street. 

West Philadelphia National Bank, 3938 Market street. 

Sixth National Bank, Second and Pine streets. 

Southwark National Bank, 610 South Second streets. 

Spring Garden Bank, Eidge avenue and Spring Gar- 
den streets. 

Third National Bank, southwest corner of Market and 
Penn Square. 

Twenty-Second Ward National Bank, 4850 German- 
town avenue. 

DEPOSIT COMPANIES. 

Beneficial Saving Fund, southwest corner Twelfth and 
Chestnut streets. 

Guarantee Safe Deposit Company, 318 Chestnut street. 

Fidelity Safe Deposit Company, 329 Chestnut street. 

Philadelphia Safe Deposit Company, 415 Chestnut 
street. 

Philadelphia Saving Fund, 700 Walnut street. 

Western Saving Fund, Tenth and Walnut streets. 

Northern Saving Fund, Sixth and Spring Garden 
streets. 

Germantown Savings Bank, 4908 Germantown avenue. 



The Centennial Companion, 107 

We add a list, with place of business, of the follow- 
ing 

COMMERCIAL ASSOCIATIONS. 

Commercial Exchange, 137 South Second street. 

Maritime Exchange, 133 South Seventh street. 

Board of Brokers, 21 Merchants' Exchange, Third 
and Walnut streets. 

Drug Exchange, 17 South Third street. 

Merchants' Association, 131 South Fourth street. 

Board of Trade, Tenth, above Chestnut street. 

Produce Association, S. Delaware avenue, near Dock 
street. 



CHAPTER XIV. 
Great Business Houses^ Etc, 

To attempt to give even the name and location of 
prominent business houses in the city of Philadelphia, 
would require more space than we have at our disposal, 
and be a matter of but trivial interest to the mass of our 
readers. Yet there are some which have a national 
reputation, and which many Centennial visitors will be 
sure to see before their visit to the great International 
Exhibition is completed. 

In almost every city, town and village of the whole 
country, the celebrated medicines prepared by Dr. David 
Jaynes, are offered for sale — and few, if any, have for 
many years obtained so great a popularity. The pictui-e 
upon the bottles is familiar to every man, woman and 
child in most of the States, and yet few form scarcely 
any idea of the stupendous structure represented, the 
magnificent granite buildings on Chestnut street, between 
Second and Third streets, the central of which is eight 
stories in height, and the front is one of the most artis- 
tic and beautiful in the whole city. These massive and 
substantial buildings, in which are manufactured and 
sold the most widely known and popular patent medi- 
cines ever prepared in this or any other country, and 
from which the proprietor acquired an enormous for- 



The Centennial (Companion, 109 

tune, were erected about twenty-five years ago, at an ex- 
pense of $350,000, and tliey are deserving more than a 
passing glance from all who spend a few days or weeks 
in the city. 

Another building, also having its origin in the pecu- 
liar disposition of the American people, to attempt to 
repair, by the aid of medicines, the ill-effects of over- 
work and the neglect of the inexorable laws of hygiene, is 
situated upon the corner of Arch and Sixth streets, hav- 
ing a front of forty-four feet on Arch, and about eighty 
on Sixth street, and is the laboratory, wholesale and 
retail house of Dr. J. H. Schenck & Sons, whose pul- 
monic syrup, sea- weed tonic and mandrake pills, are ad- 
vertised and sold in every part of the counf^--^ "^^^ 
building is mainly constructo'l^ ^J -^^^^^ -^ ^^^ g^^^-^g -^ 
height, with ma^-ard roof, from which rise mansard 
towers "^r^th iron decorations. The fronts are painted 
"Wnite, and the architectural beauties of the whole, and es- 
pecially of the Arch street front, will command the atten- 
tion of all who traverse this fine street. While Chestnut 
street is perhaps the most attractive street in the whole 
city, as well on account of its superb banking houses 
as its palatial stores, there are on Market street, which 
has many solid brick blocks five stories in height, §ome 
having fine marble and others brown stone, gre^y stone, 
and mastic fronts— and in many of whicl^ i§ carried qn 
an immense wholesale or retail trade in foreign and do^ 
mestic goods-^there are; two which will receive moxe 
than a passing notice. The first of these is Tower 
Hall^ between Fifth and S^Xuh sa'cels, Y»hich looms up, 
above the remainder of the block in which it is sit^at^d,'^ 



110 The Centennial Companion, 

and by its peculiar architecture as well as tlie towers 
which surmount and gracefully adorn it, is sure of attract- 
ing attention. In this immense establishment, nearly 
sixty feet in width and extending back to Minor street, 
a small army of cutters and tailors are at work, and with 
the aid of those who here receive their work and com- 
plete it at home, or in shops, they annually manufacture 
more than two hundred thousand garments, all of which 
are sold in the wholesale or retail departments. 

Upon the corner of Market and Sixth streets, stands Oak 
Hall^ said to be the largest clothing house in America. It 
is five stories in height, has a front of sixty- seven feet on 
Market street, which is quite ornamental, and a plainer 
front of one hundred and eighty feet on Sixth street, and 
the business here annually transacted must amount to 
several millions. There is probably no house in America, 
except possibly that of the merchant prince Stewart of 
New York, where such a system of exactness in every- 
thing characterizes the management of the business, and 
to this, as well as keeping an immense assortment, and 
advertising most extensively, the great success of the 
proprietors may be attributed. 

On the north side of Market, between Seventh and 
Eighth streets, is a splendid group of business houses, 
with a variety of stone and iron fronts — the most strik- 
ing of which is the massive granite front of the cele- 
brated Publication and Book House of J. B. Lip- 
pincott Sf Co.^ one of the largest and most complete 
establishments in this country, and in this city only 
equaled by that of Claxton, Remsen & Hafflinger, also 
on Market street, between Sixth and Seventh. 



4 



The Centennial Companion, 111 

Among the great manufacturing establishments in and 
about the citj, perhaps none are more worthy of note 
than the 

Baldwin's Locomotive Works, on Broad and Callow- 
hill streets. 

The North American Smelting Company's Works, Nos. 
1510 and 1512 Spring Garden street. 

William Sellers & Co.'s Machine Tool Works, 1600 
Hamilton street. 

Bement & Sons' Industrial Works, Twenty-First and 
Callowhill streets. 

Harrison Boiler Works, on Gray's Ferry Road, below 
the U. S. Arsenal. 

Schumacker Piano Factory, Eleventh and Catharine 
streets. 

Carleton Mills, covering the entire square between 
Hamilton and Linn, Twenty-Third and Twenty-Fourth 
streets. 

Franklin Sugar Refinery, on Delaware avenue and 
Almond street, above the old Navy Yard. 

Among the great business houses of the City, those 
from which the great daily newspapers are issued deserve 
more than passing a notice. Pre-eminent among them is 
the '' Public Ledger" building, on the southwest corner 
of Chestnut and Sixth streets. It has a beautiful brown 
stone front, of about ninety feet on Chestnut street, and 
extends back on Sixth street about one hundred and 
eighty feet. It is five stories in height, with mansard 
roof, and was built for, and is completely adpated to the 
business therein carried on most successfully. It is one 
of the largest, and in every respect most complete news- 



112 The Centennial Companion. 

paper establisliments in this country, if not in the world. 
On the southwest corner of Chestnut and Seventh streets, 
is the ''Press" building, a massive brick structure, 
having a front on Chestnut of about fifty feet and upon 
Seventh of about one hundred and eighty feet, but only 
a part of its numerous rooms are occupied by the editorial 
eorps of the 'Tress," the compositors and other employees 
of the establishment. 

We conclude this chapter by giving the name and loca* 
tion of other leading newspapers and periodicals, publish- 
ed in this city* 

DAILIES. 

North American and United States Gazette, 132 S. 
Third street. 

The Philadelphia Inquirer, 304 Chestnut street. 

The Times, 713 Chestnut street. 

The City Item, 28 S. Seventh street. 

The Evening Herald, 27 S. Seventh street. 

The Daily Chronicle, 23 S. Seventh street. 

The Daily Age, 14 S. Seventh street. 

The Evening Star, 30 S. Seventh street. 

The Evening Telegraph, 108 S. Third street. 

g?l}e lyenlng Bulletin, 607 Chestnut street. 

|h© Philadelphia Democrat (German), 614 Chestnut 
strppt 
^•'fliiladelphia Freie Presse, 418 N. Eourth street, 

I^etter Sheet and Price Current, 241 Dock street. 

Thiladelphia Abend Post (German), 614 Chestnut 

§greet. 
' Sfe^ f ftT^JiG Record, phestnitt :^n4 S. Third streets. 



The Centennial Companion, 113 

The ** Press" and some of the others above named issue 
a weekly edition, and there are many others published 
only weekly, viz. 

The Saturday Evening Post, 319 Walnut street. 

The United States Railroad and Mining Journal, 423 
Walnut street. 

The Christian Recorder, 631 Pine street. 

The Legal Intelligencer, 132 S. Sixth street. 

The Friends' Intelligencer, 132 S. Sixth street. 

The Lutheran and Missionary, 117 N. Sixth street. 

The Commercial List and Price Current, 241 Dock 
street. 

The Keystone (Masonic Publishing Company), 237 
Dock street. 

The Episcopalian, 1225 Sansom street. 

The Friend, 116 N. Fourth street. 

Republikanische Flagge, 418 N. Fourth street. 

The Friends' Review, 109 N. Tenth street. 

The Germantown Telegraph, 4611 Germantown avenue. 

The Lutheran Observer, 42 N. Ninth street. 

The Medical and Surgical Reporter, 115 S. Seventh 
street. 

The United Presbyterian and Christian Instructor, 15 
N. Seventh street. 
[ The Methodist Home Journal, 14 N. Seventh street. 

The National Baptist, 530 Arch street. 

The Reformed Church Messenger,. 907 Arch street. 

The Philadelphia Western and Southern Trade Jour- 
Inal, 127 S. Third street. 

The Sunday Dispatch, 152 S. Third street. 

The Sunday Mercury, 152 S. Third street. 



114 The Centennial Companion, 

United States Journal, 123 S. Fourtli street. 

Harness and Carriage Journal, 149 S. Fourth street. 

Saturday Night, S. Eighth and Locust streets. 

The Sunday Republic, 328 Chestnut street. 

Der Neue Welt (German), 614 Chestnut street. 

Philadelphia Sontags-Blatt and Familien Journal 
(German), 614 Chesnut street. 

The Sunday School Times, 610 Chestnut street. 

The Sunday Transcript, TOl Chestnut street. 

The Sunday Morning Times, 819 Chestnut street. 

The Presbyterian, 1214 Chestnut street. 

The Young Folks News, 1214 Chestnut street. 
The following monthlies are published in the city, viz : 

Arthur's Home Magazine, 809 Chestnut street. 

Godey's Lady's Book, 537 Chestnut street. 

Peterson's Lady's National Magazine, 306 Chestnut 
street. 

Children's Hour, 809 Chestnut street. 

Grace and Truth, 1224 Chestnut street. 

The Child's World, 1122 Chestnut street. 

Our Monthly, 1214 Chestnut street. 

The Sunday School World, 1122 Chestnut street. 

Lippincott's Magazine, 715 Market street. 

The Contemporary Review, 715 Market street. 

Good Words for the Young, 715 Market street. 

Polytechnic Bulletin, Seventeenth and Market streets. 

St. Paul's Magazine, 715 Market street. 

The Sunday Magazine, 715 Market street. 

American Law Register, 430 Walnut street. 

The Lady's Friend, 319 Walnut street. 

The Penn Monthly, 506 Walnut street. 



The Centennial Companion^ 115 

The Philadelphia Intelligencer, 323 Waliitlt street. 

The Young Reaper, 530 Arch street. 

The Baptist Teacher, 530 Arch street. 

The Child's Treasury, 907 Arch street. 

The Guardian, 907 Arch street. 

Der Lamerhirte, 907 Arch street. 

American Exchange and Review, South Fourth and 
Walnut streets. 

Journal of Applied Chemistry, 149 South Fourth st. 

Lutheran Sunday School Herald, 42 North Fourth st. 

The Busy Bee, 117 North Sixth street. 

Gardner's Monthly, 23 North Sixth street. 

Child's Recorder, 631 Pine street. 

The Eclectic Medical Journal, 514 Pine street. 

The Guardian Angel, 125 North Seventh street. 

The American Journal of Homoeopathic Materia Med- 
ica, 1105 Filbert street. 

QUARTERLIES. 

The Baptist Quarterly, 530 Arch street. 

The Dental Times, North Tenth and Arch streets. 



CHAPTER XV. 
Homes. 

As we have before remarked, the great and striking 
characteristic of Philadelphia, is that it is pre-eminently 
a city of homes. There is probably no city in this 
country which has so many solidly built blocks, in which 
all the buildings are of uniform size and height, usually 
three stories above the basement, all having white shut- 
ters and marble or grey stone steps, and all occupied as 
dwellings. 

Several residence blocks we have noticed in our 
rambles through the city, which are worthy of a par- 
ticular description, as well on account of their architect- 
ural beauty, and the taste manifested in their decora- 
tion, as in the showy and expensive material used in 
their construction. Without reference to our notes, we 
now call to mind the block o^ massive brown stone 
fronts on the north of Rittenhouse Square, those at 
the corners having a projecting circular form rising to a 
tower at the summit, and the grand solidity and strength 
of the entire block, as well as its unostentatious orna- 
ture — no trace of gaudiness in any part being observable, 
renders the general appearance decidedly imposing, and 
conveys the impression that here are the proofs of suc- 
cess in business. Here those grown opulent in trade, or 



The Centennial Companion, 117 

some o£ tlie professional walks of life, have made them- 
selves tasteful and lovely homes. 

The entire block on the east side of Eighteenth street, 
between Race and Cherry streets, cannot fail to attract 
the attention and command the admiration of all beholders. 
It is three stories in height, with mansard roof, the 
front being built of the peculiar greenish gray stone, 
called '^ Serpentine" stone, with irregular shaped blocks 
laid in cement, and the finishing about the doors and 
windows being of another kind of stone, is highly orna- 
mental. The entire uniformity in fronts, windows, 
steps, shutters, etc., is so relieved by the peculiar and 
striking ornamentation of the w^hole, that it must cer- 
tainly be styled one of the most beautiful residence 
blocks in the city. 

Those who wish to see what those in possession of 
vast wealth, either from a love of the beautiful or of 
display, can do in constructing a residence ; what vast 
sums the opulent sometimes lavish upon the noble edi- 
fice they call a home, are directed to observe the palatial 
marble residence of George W. Childs, the proprietor 
of the Ledger, No. 2128 Walnut street ; of the late Dr. 
David Jayne, the "patent medicine" millionaire, at the 
southeast corner of Chestnut and Nineteenth streets ; of 
John Rice, who built the Continental Hotel, on the cor- 
ner of Walnut and Twenty- First street, and many others. 
Or, if the taste of our reader is more gratified by the 
plainer, but scarcely less beautiful brown stone, let them 
notice the residence of the late Edwin Forrest, the great 
American tragedian, on North Broad and Master streets ; 
of Joseph Singerly and Michel Bouvier, on the west side of 



118 Thp Centennial Companion, 

N. Broad street, above Girard avenue ; and on the oppos- 
ite side of the street, of Henry Disston and others ; or 
those upon Market street, between Fifteenth and Twen- 
ty- Second streets. Or, if the beautiful modern style man- 
sard roof residence is the reader's especial fancy, let him 
cross the Schuylkill, and on many of the lovely streets 
and avenues of West Philadelphia, he will find scores of 
the most attractive and highly embellished residences of 
the whole city. An especial charm in this locality, is 
the broad and neatly kept front yards, many of which 
are laid off with curving walks, conforming to the 
aesthetic "lines of beauty," between which are closely 
shaven lawns, set with ornamental trees and shrubbery, 
and here and there divers shaped and exceedingly lovely 
plats, devoted to the culture of the rarest and most 
beautiful flowers. 

But as the most attracting pen-pictures, of fascinating 
scenes and incidents of life, portrayed, delineated and 
described by the most gifted author, are far less delight- 
ful and captivating, if some keen-eyed critic, or even 
enthusiastic admirer comments upon, or details in feeble 
way the contents of the book before we read the author's 
thrilling words for ourselves, so, we apprehend that the 
pleasure of seeing many of the most charming and mag- 
nificent public buildings and private residences of a city 
will be sadly infringed, if not destroyed, should we at- 
tempt, in our humble way, a more complete description. 
There is to all a peculiar gratification in discovering, 
unaided, the beauties of any statue, picture, building or 
landscape, and in leaving the agreeable topic of 
''Homes," in this city, we must urge upon all visitors to 



The Centennial Companion, 119 

tlie great Centennial Exhibition, the necessity (i£ they 
would secure all the advantages of their visit) of devot- 
ing a few days at least to traversing, in such way as 
they find most agreeable or convenient, the many fine 
streets upon which the din and turmoil of business is 
comparatively unheard, where many thousands have 
made, or secured for a reasonable rental, most comfort- 
able and delightful homes. All that we attempt in this 
brief sketch, is simply to direct attention to objects of 
interest, the sight of which may gratify not only our 
senses, but arouse and enkindle some of the best and 
noblest emotions of the human soul, not to describe so 
as to enfeeble the zest, or diminish the delight of any 
visitor or tourist. To the stranger we wish to give some 
idea of what is to be seen, give location with reasonable 
certainty, and then leave all to see, appreciate and ad- 
mire, criticize or condemn, according to the dictates of 
their own tastes, feelings and judgment* 



PART II. 

CHAPTER I. 

Map of Philadelphia. 

The most complete description which it is possible to 
give of a city, its divisions and surroundings, would, to 
many readers, give a very imperfect idea of its topo- 
graphy, unless aided by some diagram or map. To fix 
locations with certainty, we must see their relative posi- 
tions, and then, even if we are confused as to directions 
by the points of compass, but little difficulty will be 
met with in finding one place by its course or bearing 
from another. Hence we have considered a Map of 
Philadelphia indispensable to the Centennial visitor, for 
several reasons, viz : Firsts that its location upon the 
Delaware, and extent beyond the Schuylkill river, may be 
clearly comprehended ; secondly, that the location and 
direction of the streets and avenues may be readily 
learned ; thirdly, that the location of the railroad de- 
pots, of Fairmount Park, including the International 
Exhibition or Centennial Grounds and of the public 
squares, may be seen at a glance ; fourthly, that the 
routes of the several lines of street railways may be 
noted, and, finally that the directions which we shall 
give in this part of our work may be intelligently un- 
derstood. We have therefore attached a map, giving 



122 The Centennial Companion. 

tlie names of all the principal streets and avenues, de- 
pots, public squares, etc., and will here remark that 
distances may be very readily calculated from this map, 
if it is remembered, that twelve squares are a legal 
mile throughout the city. 

It is almost invariably the case, that when a traveler 
enters a great city, he will first learn the location and' di- 
rection of a main or noted street, as of Broadway in 
New York, Washington street -in Boston, Lake street 
in Chicago, etc., as a landm^ark ; and that he will fix 
the location of all points or places, by reference to the one 
selected, in distance as well as direction. In Philadel- 
phia, Market street, running through the very heart of 
the city from east to west, always recognizable on ac- 
count of its unusual width, and also that the numbers in- 
crease either to the north or south of it, is an unfailing 
guide to those who are not familiar with the city, and 
who are liable to lose their points of compass, or become 
confused when in a strange place. And here another 
word to Centennial visitors. If at a depot, or in any 
part of the city, you are in doubt as to where you are, 
what street you are on, or what is the most direct route 
to any place you desire to go, do not inquire of those 
you may chance to meet, or go into a store or shop 
to ask directions, but walk up to the first policeman you 
pee, dressed in blue and wearing a cap and badge, and h^ 
will give you the required information, and generally ii^ 
a pleasant and respectful manner. Upon the statement 
of a city officer you can rely in such matters, while that 
given by others may be of no benefit or occasion you 
needless expense. 



CHAPTER n. 

The Street Cars. 

We Iiave on pages 14 and 15, Part First, Chapter II, 
so definitely given the location of the several railroad 
depots of the '' Centennial Citj," and they are so plainly 
indicated upon the map, that no reader can fail to under- 
stand where they are, or fail to find either one he may 
choose, and so we come to direct attention to the street 
cars, by far the most common and convenient,. as well as 
cheapest mode of conveyance ever established in any city. 
While some totally disregarding the matter of expense, 
may choose to hire a hack, barouche, or carriage, and 
travel when and whither they please in the city — the 
multitude will avail themselves of the speedy and inex- 
pensive means of transit, afi'orded by the numerous lines 
of street cars, which traverse many of the principal streets. 
The only particular occasion of perplexity to the stranger, 
is to know which line to take, to reach the point he has in 
view, with the least possible delay, and we see no method 
of making this perfectly plain, except to give the names 
of all the lines, the location of the depots and the route of 
each ; and we shall give the time of starting on the first 
and last trips made daily, by the cars running to and 
from the Centennial grounds. If the reader will trace 
^lie^e routes on the man, as he reads, he will speedily un- 



124 The Centennial Companion, 

derstand tlie whole system, and in a very short time, go 
almost anywhere in the city, without the annoyance of 
having to make inquiries. 

The Union Line^ really consists of six lines, viz. : 

1. The Fairmount Park and JYavy Yard Line. 
Depot, Twenty-Third and Brown streets. Route — From 
Brown street entrance to Fairmount Park, on Brown 
street to Twenty- Third, down Twenty-Third to Wallace, 
on Wallace to Franklin, on Franklin to Seventh, on 
Seventh to Federal, on Federal to Front, on Front to 
Wharton street ; return up Wharton to Ninth, on Ninth 
to Spring Garden, on Spring Garden to Twenty- Third, 
on Twenty-Third to Brown, and on Brown street to 
starting point. 

2. Richmond Line, — ^Depot, Thompson and Norris 
streets. Route — ^From depot down Thompson street to 
Marlborough, on Marlborough to Belgrade, on Belgrade 
to Frankford road, on Frankf ord road to Master street, 
up Master to Franklin, down Franklin to Race, on Race 
to Seventh, down Seventh to Passyunk road, on Passy- 
unk road to Ellsworth, on Ellsworth to Broad, on Broad 
to the Baltimore & Ohio R. R. depot ; return up Broad 
to Christian, on Christian to Ninth, up Ninth to Spring 
Garden, on Spring Garden to Seventh, on Seventh to 
Oxford, on Oxford to Fourth, on Fourth to Norris, on 
Norris to Memphis, on Memphis to York, on York to 
Thompson, down Thompson street to depot. 

3. Columbia Avenue Line. — ^Depot, Twenty-Fifth 
street and Columbia avenue. Route — From depot down 
Columbia avenue to Franklin street, on Franklin to Race, 
on Race to Seventh, on Seventh to Market, on Market tQ 



The Centennial Companion, 125 

Front street ; return up Market street to Ninth, on Ninth' 
to Spring Garden, on Spring Garden to Seventh, on 
Seventh to Master, on Master to Twenty-Third, on 
Twenty-Third to the depot. 

4. Spring Garden and Poplar Street Line, — 
Depot, Twenty-Third and Brown streets. Route — ^From 
depot to Twenty-Third street, on Twenty-Third to Wal- 
lace, on Wallace to Twenty-Second, on Twenty^ Second to 
Spring Garden, on Spring Garden to Seventh street ; re- 
turn up Seventh to Poplar, on Poplar to Twenty-Ninth, 
on Twenty-Ninth to the Brown street entrance to Fair- 
mount Park or depot. 

5. Cedar Street ZrZ/ie (One horse). — Depot, York 
and Cedar streets. Route — Up Cedar street to Somer- 
set, on Somerset to Richmond street ; return over same 
route. 

6. McKean Street Line (One horse). — ^Depot, Sev- 
.enth and McKean streets. Route — ^From junction Sev- 
enth and Christian streets, on Seventh to McKean, on 
McKean to Ninth, on Ninth to Ellsworth, on Ellsworth 
to Twenty-Third, on Twenty-Third to Christian, on 
Christian to junction or starting place. Upon the 
Union Line and its branches, exchange or pass tickets 
are given over several other lines, good for the day 
only, but upon which streets we have not space to enu- 
merate. Cards in each car furnish the requisite inform- 
ation, and in fact much that our space will not allow. 

Market Street Line-^Main Line. — ^Depot, Forty- 
First and Haverford streets. Route — ^From depot on 
Forty-First street to Market, down Market to Front 
street ; return up Market to Thirty- Second, out Lancas- 



126 The Centennial Companion* 

ter avenue to Belmont avenue, on Belmont avenue to 
Centennial Grounds ; return on Belmont avenue to Lan- 
caster avenue, on Lancaster avenue to Market street, 
down Market, etc. The first car leaves depot at 4.10 
A. M., the last at 11.05 P. M., and the last car arrives 
at depot at 1,45 A. M. The first car now arrives at the 
entrance to Centennial Grounds at 5.20 A. M., and the 
last car leaves the entrance at 10.30 P. M., but during 
the International Exhibition the time table may be 
changed, and probably on this and a few other lines, the 
cars will run all night. 

Haddington Line. — Same depot. Route — Out 
Haverford street to Sixty- Seventh, in Haddington; re- 
turn over same, route to depot. 

Twelfth and Sixteenth Streets. — ^Depot, Twelfth 
street and Montgomery avenue. Route — ^Down Twelfth 
street to Wharton, on Wharton to Seventeenth, on Sev- 
enteenth to Carpenter, on Carpenter to Sixteenth, up 
Sixteenth to Montgomery avenue, down Montgomery 
avenue to depot. 

Chestnut and Walnut Streets — Main Line. — 
Depot, Chestnut and Forty- Second streets. Route — 
Chestnut street to Front, on Front to Walnut ; return up 
Walnut to Twenty-Second, on Twenty- Second to Chest- 
nut, on Chestnut to depot. 

Fairmount Park Line. — ^Depot, on Belmont, near 
Elm avenue. Route — Down Belmont avenue to Lan- 
caster avenue, down Lancaster avenue to Thirty- Second 
street, on Thirty- Second to Chestnut, on Chestnut to 
Front, on Front to Walnut ; return up Walnut to Twenty- 
Second, on Twenty- Second to Chestnut, on Chestnut to 



The Centennial Companion, 12? 

Thirty- Second, on Thirty- Second to Lancaster avenue, 
on Lancaster to Belmont, Belmont avenue to depot near 
the main entrance to Centennial Grounds. The first car 
on this line now leaves the depot at 5.10 A. M., the last 
at 11.45 P. M., and the last returns to depot at 12.30 
A. M., but during the Exhibition, the cars on this line 
will probably run incessantly, day and night, with the 
possible exception of Sunday. 

Darby Line. — Depot, Forty -Ninth street and Wood- 
land avenue. Route — From Darby (in Delaware 
county), on Darby road and Woodland avenue to Chest- 
nut street, on Chestnut to Front, on Front to Walnut ; 
return up Walnut to Twenty- Second, on Twenty- Second 
to Chestnut, on Chestnut to Woodland avenue, and on 
Woodland avenue and Darby road to Darby. 

Mount Moriah Line. — ^Depot, same as Darby Line. 
Route — ^From Mt. Moriah Cemetery to Darby road, on 
Darby road and Woodland avenue to Chestnut street, etc., 
the route the same as Darby Line, except from Darby 
road out to Mt. Moriah Cemetery and return. 

Tenth and Eleventh Streets. Main Line Depot, 
Fourth street and Montgomery avenue. Route — ^Down 
Fourth street to Reed, on Reed to Eleventh, on Eleventh 
to Diamond, down Diamond to Tenth, on Tenth to depot. 

Mifflin Street Line (Branch — one horse). — Route 
— ^From Tenth and Reed street, down Tenth and Mifflin, 
and return over the same route. 

Lehigh Avenue and Powell Street Line. — ^Depot, 
Kensington avenue and Cumberland street. Route — 
Up Kensington avenue to Lehigh avenue, on Lehigh av- 
enue to Sixth street, down Sixth to Powell, on Powell to 



128 The Centennial Companion. 

Fifth, up Fifth to Lehigh avenue, on Lehigh avenue to 
Kensington avenue, on Kensington avenue to Litterly 
street, on Litterly street to depot. 

Frankford Street Line. — Depot, Frankford and Ar- 
rott streets, Frankford. Route — ^D own Frankford street 
to Kensington avenue, down Kensington avenue to main 
depot at Cumberland street ; return to Frankford street 
over .lie same route. 

Fourth and Eighth Streets, Germantown Line. 
— Depots, Eighth and Dauphin streets, and Germantown 
avenue and Church street, Germantown. Route — Leave 
city depot, up Eighth street to Germantown avenue, out 
Germantown avenue to Germantown depot ; return over 
same route. 

Dickinson Street Line. — ^Depot, Eighth and Dau- 
phin streets. Route — Down Dauphin street to German- 
town avenue, on Germantown avenue to Fom-th street, 
on Fourth to Dickinson, on Dickinson to Eighth ; return 
up Eighth street to Columbia avenue, on Columbia ave- 
nue to Seventh street, on Seventh to Susquehanna ave- 
nue, on Susquehanna avenue to Eighth street, on Eightii 
to depot. 

Walnut Street Line. — ^Depot, same as Dickinson 
Street Line. Route — ^From depot down Germantown 
avenue to Fourth street, on Fourth to Walnut ; return up 
Walnut to Eighth, up Eighth to Columbia avenue, on 
Columbia avenue to Seventh street, on Seventh to Sus- 
quehanna avenue, on Susquehanna avenue to Eighth 
street, on Eighth to depot. 

Girard Avenue Line. — ^Depot, Girard avenue and 
Taney street. Route — ^From depot on Girard avenue to 



The Centennial Companion, 129 

Palmer street, on Palmer to Beach, on Beach to Shack- 
amoxon (Kensington) ; return on Shackamoxon to Gi- 
rard avenue, passing the depot to Thirty-First street ; re- 
turn from Thirty-First street to depot on Girard avenue. 

Green and Coates Streets, Dickinson Street 
Line. — Depot,. Twenty-Fourth street and Fairmount 
avenue. From depot near Fairmount avenue entrance to 
Fairmount Park, along Fairmount avenue to Fourth, on 
Fourth to Dickinson, on Dickinson to Eighth ; return up 
Eighth to Fairmount avenue, out Fairmount avenue to 
depot. N. B. This line runs to Fairmount Park, but 
not to the Centennial Grounds. 

Walnut Street Line. — Depot, same as above. — 
Route — Along Fairmount avenue to Twenty- Second 
street, on Twenty- Second to Green, on Green to Fourth, 
on Fourth to Walnut, on Walnut to Eighth ; returii up 
Eighth to Fairmount avenue, on Fairmount avenue to 
depot. 

Delaware River Zme(One horse). — From Green and 
Beach streets, up Beach street to Fairmount avenue, on 
Fairmount avenue to Eighth street ; return on Fairmount 
avenue to Fourth street, on Fourth to Green, on Green to 
Beach street. 

Hestonville, Mantua and Fairmount R^y Co. 
Race and Vi?ie Street Line. — Depot, Forty-First street 
and Lancaster avenue. Route — From depot on Lancaster 
avenue to Haverford street, on Haverford to Thirtieth, 
on Thirtieth to Bridge, across the Schuylkill river to 
Callowhill street, on Callowhill to Hamilton, on Hamil- 
ton to Twenty-Second, on Twenty- Second to Race, on 
Race to Second, on Second to Walnut, up Walnut to 



130 Thp Centennial Companion. 

Dock street ; return on Dock to Third, on Third to Vine, 
on Vine to Twenty-Third, on Twenty-Third to Callowhill, 
on Callowhill to Schuylkill bridge, across same to Thir- 
tieth street, on Thirtieth to Haverford, on Haverford to 
Thirty-Third, on Thirty-Third to Bridge street, on Bridge 
to Lancaster avenue, out Lancaster avenue to depot. 
During the International Exhibition, we are informed 
this route will be lengthened and the cars will run out 
Lancaster avenue to Belmont avenue, on Belmont avenue 
to Elm avenue, at the entrance of the Centennial Grounds. 
The first car now leaves the depot at 5:15 A. M. , the last 
at 11:15 P. M., and the last returns to depot at 12:15 
A. M. 

•drch Street Line, — ^Depot, Twenty- Sixth and Cal- 
lowhill streets. Route — From depot out Hamilton street to 
Twenty- Second, on Twenty- Second to Callowhill, on Cal- 
lowhill to Thirtieth, on Thirtieth to Arch, on Arch to Sec- 
ond street, retarn up Arch to Twenty- First, on Twenty- 
First to Callowhill, and on Callowhill to depot. 

Hestonville Line (One horse). — ^Depot, Forty-First 
street and Lancaster avenue, from depot out Lancaster 
avenue to Fifty- Second street, Hestonville ; return over 
the same route to depot. 

Lombard and South Streets. — ^Depot, Twenty- 
Fifth and South streets. Route — From depot down Lom- 
bard street to Front, along Front to Dock, down Dock to 
Delaware avenue ; return up Dock to Front street, on 
Front to South, and on South street to depot. 

Spruce and Pine Streets, Gray^s Ferry Line. — 
Depot, Twenty-Third and Spruce streets. Route — From 
Gray's Ferry Bridge on Gray's Ferry road to Christian 



The Centennial Companion, 131 

Street, on Christian to Twenty- Second, on Twenty- Sec- 
ond to Spruce, on Spruce to Third, on Third to Walnut, 
dn Wahiut to Dock ; return down Dock street to Second, 
on Second to Pine, on Pine to Twenty-Third, on Twenty- 
Third to Gray's Ferry Road, down Gray's Ferry Road 
to Gray's Ferry Bridge. 

Second and Third Streets — Main Line. — De- 
pot, Frankford road, below Lehigh avenue. Route — 
From depot down Frankford road to Jefferson street, on 
Jefferson to Second, on Second to Mifflin, on Mifflin to 
Third street ; return on Third to Germantown avenue, on 
Germantown avenue to Oxford street, on Oxford to 
Front, on Front to Amber, and on Amber to depot. 

Frankford Through Line. — ^Depot, same as Main 
Line. Route — From depot on Frankford road, to Paul 
street, up Paul to the stand above Arrott street ; leaving 
Frankford on Main street to Frankford road, on Frank- 
ford road to Jefferson street, on Jefferson to Second, on 
Second to Mifflin, on Mifflin to Third ; return up Third 
street to Germantown avenue, on Germantown avenue to 
Oxford street, on Oxford to Front, up Front to Amber, 
and on Amber to depot. 

A'*orth Penn Line. — Depot same as Main Line. 
Route — From depot on Frankford road to Huntingdon 
street, on Huntingdon to Coral, on Coral to Cumberland, 
on Cumberland to Emerald, on Emerald to Dauphin, on 
Dauphin to Second, on Second to Dock, up Dock to 
Third street ; return up Third to Germantown avenue, 
on Germantown avenue to Oxford street, on Oxford to 
Third, on Third to Berks, on Berks to Second, on Sec- 



132 The Centennial Companion. 

ond to York, on York to Coral, on Coral to Cumberland, 
on Cumberland to Amber, and on Amber to depot. 

Richmond /.me.— Depot, Lebigb avenue and Edge- 
mont street. Route— From depot, out LehigK avenue 
to Richmond street, on Richmond to Frankford road, on 
Frank£ora road to Manderson street, on Manderson to 
Beach, on Beach to Laurel, on Laurel to Delaware avenue, 
on Delaware avenue to Fairmount avenue, on Fairmount 
avenue to Second street, on Second to Dock, up Dock to 
Third street ; return on Third to Brown, on Brown to 
Beach, on Beach to Manderson, oji Manderson to Frank- 
ford road, on Frankford road to Girard avenue, on Gir- 
ard avenue to Norris street, on Norris to Richmond, on 
Richmond to Lehigh avenue, on Lehigh avenue to depot. 

Brideshurg i.me.— Depot, same as Richmond 
Line. Route— On Lehigh avenue to Richmond street, 
on Richmond to Bridge, on Bridge to Washington street, 
and return over the same route. 

Cumberland Street Line (One horse).— Route— 
From Richmond and Cumberland streets (on Cumberland 
street) to Amber street, and return over the same route. 

Front Street Line (One horse).— Route— From 
Fairmount avenue and New Market street, down New 
Market street to Vine, on Vine to Front, on Front to 
Chestnut, and return over the same route. 

Alleghany Avenue Line (One horse).— Route— 
From Lehigh avenue and Richmond street to Alleghany 
avenue, and return over the same route. 

Ridge Avenue, Manayunk i.me.— Depot at Thir- 
ty-Second street and Ridge avenue. Route— From Green 
'ane in Manayunk, on Main street to Ridge avenue, on 



The Centennial Companion, 133 

Ridge avenue to Tentli street, on Tenth to Arch, on Arch 
to Second street ; return on Arch to Ninth street, on 
Ninth street to Ridge avenue, on Ridge avenue to Main 
street in Manayunk, on Main street to Green lane. 

Short Line. — ^Depot, same as Manayunk Line. 
Route — ^Down Ridge avenue to Tenth street, on Tenth 
to Arch, on Arch to Second, return on Arch to Ninth, 
on Ninth to Ridge avenue, and on Ridge avenve to de- 
pot. 

Fifth and Sixth Streets., Main Line. — ^Depot, at 
Kensington avenue and Cumberland street. Route — 
From depot on Kensington avenue to Front street, on 
Front to BerKS, on Berks to Sixth, on Sixth to Mifflin, 
on Mifflin to Fifth ; return on Fifth to Berks, on Berks to 
Front, on Front to Kensington avenue, on Kensington 
avenue to depot. 

Seventeenth and JYineteenth Streets. -r-De-pot at 
Nineteenth and Master streets. Route — From depot on 
Nineteenth street to Columbia avenue, on Columbia ave- 
nue to Seventeenth Street, on Seventeenth to Ridge av- 
enue, on Ridge avenue to Francis street, on Francis to 
Seventeenth, on Seventeenth to Carpenter, on Carpenter 
to Nineteenth, and on Nineteenth to depot. 

Thirteenth and Fifteenth Streets — Columbia 
Avenue Zme.— Depot, Broad street and Washington 
a^venue. Route — From the depot on Broad street to 
Carpenter, on Carpenter to Fifteenth, on Fifteenth to 
Master, on Master to Ridge avenue, on Ridge avenue to 
Columbia avenue, on Columbia avenue to Thirteenth 
street ; return down Thirteenth to Carpenter, on Carpen- 
ter to Broadj on Broad to depot. 



134 The Centennial Companion. 

J\/*orris Street Line. — ^Depot, same as Columbia Av- 
enue Line. Route — From depot up Broad street to Car- 
penter, on Carpenter to Fifteentli, on Fifteenth to Co- 
lumbia avenue, on Columbia avenue to Broad street, on 
Broad to Norris, on Norris to Thirteenth ; return on 
Thirteenth to Carpenter, on Carpenter to Broad, and on 
Broad to the depot. 

South Broad Street Line (One horse). — ^Depot, 
same as Columbia Avenue Line. Route — From depot on 
Broad to Jackson street, and return over the same route. 

JVbrth Broad Street Line (One horse). — Depot, 
at Broad and Norris streets. Route — ^From depot, up 
Broad street to the New York Junction R. R. depot, and 
return over the same route. 

Besides these, other lines are being laid, whose routes 
we have not considered it material to trace, as this work 
is mainly intended for Centennial visitors, and by the 
above they can reach almost any part of the city. It 
will be noticed that at present time (Dec. 20, 1875) the 
only lines which run directly to the Centennial Grounds, 
are the Market Street Line, the Fairmount Street Line, 
and the Race and Vine Street Lines, but others will no 
doubt be extended to that center of attraction during the 
spring and summer. The visitor will do well to notice 
that the car has upon it, ^^ Centennial Grounds^^ be- 
fore he enters it, and remember that he may take some 
lines and reach Fairmount Park, and still be more than 
a mile from the Centennial Bu.xdings. Tickets procured 
on any street car line in the city will be taken upon any 
other line, and in most cases if the line taken does not 
reach the place to which the passenger wishes to go, a 



The Centennial Companion, 135 

pass check is given by the conductor, which will be taken 
the same day, on any connecting line. 

We close this Chapter by stating that we are indebted 
to '' Syckelmoore's Illustrated Handbook of Philadel- 
phia " for a considerable portion of our description of 
the street car lines and routes. The gentlemanly author 
of that valuable work having kindly given us permission 
to use the materials which he has laboriously gathered, 
upon giving him credit therefor ; and here we take occa- 
sion to say that we are indebted to his excellent and com- 
prehensive work for some of the materials from which 
our work is prepared. 



CHAPTER in. 

Directions to Hotels from the Railroad Depots. 

In Chapter II, Paet First, we have given the loca- 
tion of all the depots in this city, and in Chapter XII, 
the name and location of all the principal hotels, and 
though by means of our map, and the preceding Chap- 
ter, we apprehend almost any one who visits the city, 
would be able to go from either depot to any hotel he 
desires to, we will sketch briefly the routes which seem 
to us preferable. Since our work was mainly written, 
we learn that the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, be- 
sides erecting an extensive hotel on Belmont avenue, to 
be called the " Globe Hotel," near the main entrance to 
the Centennial Grounds, are establishing a new depot at 
the same place, from which their trains will daily run to 
the North, West and South. From this new depot, 
or their depot at the corner of Thirty- Second and Mar- 
ket streets, the Market Street Line will convey pas- 
sengers directly to all the hotels on Market street. The 
Chestnut and Walnut Street Lines (v. Fairmount Park 
Line above), to the hotels on Chestnut and Walnut 
streets, and from the entrance to the Centennial Grounds, 
the Race and Vine Street Lines to the hotels on those 
streets. By either of these two first named lines, the 
visitor can arrive within a few blocks of any of the ho- 



The Centennial Companion, 137 

tels on Second, Third and other cross streets ; and by 
mentioning to the conductor, where he wishes to go, can 
frequently get a pass, and by a connecting line, be 
brought directly to the hotel where he is seeking, or has 
i'ound entertainment.' 

From the Baltimore & Ohio Depot, Washington ave- 
nue and Broad street ; take the Richmond Line, the 
Norris Street Line, or Columbia Avenue Line of street 
cars, the former of which on Ninth street crosses Wal- 
nut, Chestnut, Market, Arch, Race and Vine streets, 
near some of the best hotels in the city ; and the two 
latter lines on Fifteenth street cross the same principal 
streets, and by either line, on Chestnut, Market or Arch 
streets, a line will be found down to Second, Third or 
Fourth streets, w^here quite a number of hotels are located. 

From the Philadelphia and Reading Depot, at Callow- 
hill and Thirteenth streets, take the Norris Street Line 
or Columbia Avenue Line for the hotels on Vine, Race, 
Arch, Market, Chestnut or Walnut streets, near Thir- 
teenth ; or the Race and Vine Street Line, or Arch 
Street Line,- for hotels on Race, Arch and Second streets, 
or the streets between Race and Walnut streets, near 
Second. 

From the North Pennsylvania Railroad Depot, corner 
of Berks and American streets, take the North Penn 
Line, or Richmond Line, of the Second and Third Street 
Lines, for all hotels on Second and Third streets, and 
at Arch, Market or Walnut streets change to cars run- 
ning up these streets, which will bring you to the hotels 
on these streets, an.d within one block of the hotels on 
Chestnut and Race streets. 



138 The Centennial Companion* 

From Kensington Depot, Front street and Montgo- 
mery avenue ; take the Richmond Branch of Union 
Line, on Frankford Road, and between Race and Walnut 
streets, change cars to Market or other street lines ; or 
Main Line o£ Second and Third Street Cars, for hotels 
on Second street, and between Vine and Walnut, change 
to one of the cross lines, to reach hotels on Arch, Mar- 
ket, Chestnut or Walnut streets. 

From the Germantown Depot, corner of Diamond 
and Sixth streets, take the Dickinson Line of the 
Fourth and Eighth Street Cars, and change at Arch, 
Market, and Walnut streets for hotels on those streets. 

From foot of Market street (West Jersey Railroad 
Depot in Camden), take the Market Street Cars, for 
hotels on that street, and within one block of those on 
Chestnut and Arch streets, but change cars at some 
cross line, if wishing to go to Walnut, Race or Vine 
streets. 

From foot of Vine street (Camden & Atlantic Rail- 
road Depot in Camden), take the Race and Vine Street 
Line on Second street, for hotels on that street, and 
change on Market and Walnut, for up-town hotels. 

To the many new hotels which will be opened, and 
the thousands of boarding houses, of course we can 
give no directions. But as the advertisement of each 
will give the street and number, by the aid of our map, 
and description of the several lines of street cars 
(Chapter II), we think the visitor will encounter no se- 
rious difi&culty in finding any which he may select, or 
to which he is recommended, 



CHAPTER IV. 
Directions to the Centennial Grounds, 

As the Centennial Grounds will, during the great 
Industrial Exhibition, commencing Maj 10, 1876, and 
closing November 10, 1876, be the place to which most 
visitors will seek directions, we proceed to give briefly, 
first, directions to the Centennial Grounds from the sev- 
eral depots, and secondly, from the established hotels. 

A large portion of those who come on the Pennsylva- 
nia Railroad (known in the West as the *' Pennsylva- 
nia Central Railroad"), will doubtless stop at the new 
depot, now about to be established near the main en- 
trance to the Centennial Grounds, from which, of course, 
no directions can be needed ; but to those who arrive 
at the present depot, at Market and Thirty- Second 
streets, it may be well to say that the Market Street 
Line, and the Chestnut and Walnut Street Line, run 
from this depot on Lancaster avenue to Belmont avenue, 
and on Belmont avenue to the main entrance to the 
Centennial Grounds, which is by Belmont avenue. 

From all the other depots, it is well for the stranger 
to recollect that as they are east of the Schuylkill 
river, and there are but four bridges over which the 
street cars pass, viz : On Chestnut, Market and Cal- 
lowhill streets, and Girard avenue, they must select the 



140 The Centennial Companion, 

street car lines which cross at these four points, as none 
others can take them to the Centennial Grounds. 

From the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Depot, and the 
depot of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore 
Railroad, at the corner of Broad street and Washington 
avenue, take the Richmond (Union) Line, to Walnut 
street, or to Market street, Callowhill or Girard avenue, 
and at either of those streets, take a direct line to the 
Centennial Grounds ; the route from Callowhill street 
being, on Bridge or Haverford street to Lancaster ave- 
nue, Lancaster avenue to Belmont avenue, and on this 
to the entrance ; and the route from Girard avenue 
bridge is on Girard avenue to Elm avenue (which is 
upon the southern boundary of the Park), and along 
this to the Belmont avenue, or main entrance ; or take 
•either the Columbia Avenue, or Norris Street Line of 
the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Street Cars, and change 
at the points above specified, i. e.. Walnut, Market and 
CalloY/hill streets, or at Girard avenue. 

From the North Pennsylvania, Germantown and Ken- 
sington Depots, any of the several lines which lead to 
Girard avenue, or Callowhill street bridges, afford the 
most direct route to the Centennial Grounds. 

From the Philadelphia and Reading Depot, the Race 
and Vine Street Line furnishes the most direct convey- 
ance to the Centennial Grounds. 

Passengers on the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, 
landing at the foot of Vine street, by walking up Vine 
street to Third street, can take the Race and Vine 
Street Line, which runs direct to the Centennial 
Grounds ; and passengers by the West Jersey Railroad, 



The Centennial Companion. 141 

landing at the foot of Market street, have only to walk 
up to Front street, to take the Market Street Line. 
Those who come upon the river steamboats, or by the 
steamship lines, will remember, that at several points 
on Front street, which is generally but a block or square 
distant from the wharf, they can take the street cars, 
going direct to the Centennial Grounds. 

From the hotels on Market street, the Market Street 
Line is, of course, the most convenient route to the 
Centennial Grounds. 

From the hotels on Chestnut street, a walk of one 
square north to Market street, or one south to Walnut 
street brings the passenger to a direct line ; or he may 
take almost any of the lines on which the cars run 
north, and change at.Callowhill street, or even at Girard 
avenue. 

From the hotels on Arch street, take the Arch Street 
Line and change at Callowhill street. 

From hotels on Walnut street, the Walnut Street 
Line, or Fairmount Park Line. 

From hotels on Vine street, take the Race and Vine 
Street Lines. 

From hotels on Race street, walk to Vine, or to Arch 
street, and take a direct line, or take a line either north 
or south, and change at Market or Walnut, or Callow- 
hill street or Girard avenue. 

From hotels on Second, Third and Fourth streets, 
or almost any of the streets running north and south, 
the street cars may be taken, and by a change at one of 
the four streets so frequently mentioned above, the 
visitor will reach the far-famed Centennial Grounds. 

10 



142 The Centennial Companion, 

Probably many other lines than those we have men- 
tioned, will, during the months of the Exhibition make 
some arrangement, by which their cars will run to the 
Centennial Grounds, and in any event, we conclude by 
saying as we have heretofore, notice that you take 
a car upon which you see the words '' Centennial 
Grounds," as none but those which go to the '' centre of 
attraction," will be permitted to carry this badge, or ad- 
vertisement. 



CHAPTER V. 
Conclusion, 

We are aware that in the preceding pages, we have not 
giveffthe Centennial visitor full and explicit directions, 
how to reach the scores of places of special interest 
mentioned in Part First, or to which his attention may- 
be directed bj other publications ; and hence it might be 
concluded that we have prepared a very imperfect Guide 
Book. To this we reply, that if it were not impossible 
to write out full directions to each prominent object, it 
seems to us entirely useless to do so, as we furnish the 
means by which any intelligent person can readily reach 
any place we have undertaken to describe, or have men- 
tioned ; for we have been very particular to give loca- 
tions by the streets and avenues, and frequently by the 
number of the building, so that by the aid of the map 
the precise location could be at once determined. More 
than this, we conjecture, would be like asking some one 
to take us by the hand, and lead us up to an object 
within plain view. 

By means of our copious alphabetical index, the 
reader will find in Part First, the location by streets of 
all the places and objects of interest, which we have re- 
ferred to or described. Having this, the map will show, , 
not only in what part of the city they are to be found, 



144 The Centennial Companion, 

but as the heavy dark lines on the map indicate the 
Street Car Lines, whether or not it may be reached by 
that mode of conveyance ; and by Chapter 11 of Part 
Second, we have so completely described the route of 
each of the many Street Car Lines, that it does seem 
impracticable' to give more detailed directions. 

To find business houses, boarding houses, etc., the 
Centennial visitor will only have to resort to the City 
Directory, or daily newspapers,. to ascertain the location 
by street and number, and then, by means of our map, 
can at once determine what direction to go, and what 
route to take. 

Li conclusion, we wish our readers to remember that in 
this little work we have only sought to direct attention to 
what, in our opinion, is really worth seeing in and about 
Philadelphia during the Centennial year, and as the cat- 
alogues of articles to be exhibited at the great Interna- 
tional Exhibition, when prepared and published, will con- 
tain all the information desired by those who are so 
fortunate as to enter the vast structures on the Centen- 
nial Grounds, we have merely adverted to the probable 
display in each building, and have made no attempt to 
describe any portion. Besides mentioning and giving 
the precise location of such edifices and places as we 
have thought most worthy of examination, we have, as 
we hope and trust, given all the directions which are re- 
ally necessary to find them in a great city. 

We feel confident we have given much reliable and 
definite information as to what is to be seen at Phila- 
delphia during the Centennial year, and have furnished 
all needful directions, how to see all with the least in- 



The Centennial Companion, 145 

convenience and expense. And if we have accomplished 
this, we shall be more than satisfied with the result of 
our undertaking. And so, wishing all our readers much 
happiness during the Centennial year, whether they are 
so fortunate as to attend the great Centennial Celebra- 
tion and International Exhibition or not — we finish our 
agreeable task. 



FINIS. 



INDEX. 



PAQH. 

Alphabetical Index, use of 143 

Appointment of Centennial Commission 3 

Appropriations by Congress, etc ........ .4 

American Philosophical Society 29 

Acquisition of Fairmount Park 35 

Agricultural Hall 43 

Academy of Natural Sciences... 75 

Arch Street M. E. Church 81 

"Belmont Eeservoir 47 

Bridges of Schuylkill Kiver , 48, 139 

Blockley Almshouse 59 

Banks, etc 103 

Business Houses 108 

Centennial Commission 3 

Centennial Board of Pinance 3, 38 

Centre Square 8, 16, 23 

City Water Works 16 

Carpenters' Hall 21 

Centennial Grounds 38 

Charitable Institutions 58 

Clubs and Club Booms 68, 70 

Churches and Keligious Societies 80 

Cemeteries 86 

Colleges, etc 76 

Commercial Associations 107 

Conclusion 144 

Design of this Work 6 

Depots of Railroads 15 

Declaration of Independence 23 



ii Index, 

Deposit Companies 106 

Directions to Centennial Visitors 122, 143 

Directions to Hotels from K. R. Depots 136 

Directions to Centennial Grounds 139 

Elm Tree Treaty Ground 4, 28 

Exhibition Buildings 38 

English Government Buildings 46 

Eastern Penitentiary 56 

Educational Institutions 71 

Ferries acr-'ss the Delaware 12 

Franklin Square 17 

Franklin's Grave 30 

Fairmount Park 33 

Growth of Philadelphia 9 

Graeff— Mr. Frederick 34, 54 

Government Buildings 45 

Gas Works 54 

Girard College 73 

Historical Facts, Incidents, etc ..21, 54 

Horticultural Hall i ; 43 

Hall of Judges 46 

House of Correction 57 

Hospitals 60 

Hotels 97 

Homes 116 

Invitation to the Centennial 3 

Independence Hall 22 

Independence Square 25, 27 

Jefferson Square 19 

League Island 13 

Logan Square 18 

Libraries, location of 79 

Laurel Hill Cemetery 87 

Medical Colleges 78 

Monument on Treaty Ground... 29 



Index > iii 

Morris, Eobert, the financier ».,.......:.; 35 

Main Exhibition Building 38, 39,40 

Machinery Hall 40 

Memorial Building 41 

Markets 65 

Moyamensing Prison 65 

Manufacturing Establishments Ill 

Map of Philadelphia 121 

Names of Streets 8 

Numbering of Buildings 9 

Navy Yard 13, 52 

National Museum 24 

National Memorial Building 41 

New Post Of&ce Building 51 

New City Hall 53 

New Lutheran Church , 81 

Newspaper Offices 112 

Origin of International Exhibition ..» 3 

Old State House 22 

Old Bell of State House 25 

Old London Coffee House 27 

Old Christ Church 32 

Old U. S. Bank 50 

Orphan Society of Philadelphia 60 

Odd Fellow's Hall 67 

Pennsylvania University 72 

Philadelphia, design of founder of 12, 16, 34 

Philadelphia, location and original plan of 7 

Pennsylvania Eailroad 14 

Public Squares...: 16, 20 

Penn's Cottage 28 

Philadelphia Hospital 31 

Pennsylvania Historical Society 31 

Public Markets 65 

Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane 58 

Residences ■> 11 > 117 

Eailroads, Depots, etc « 14, 15 



iv hid ex, 

]Jittenhouse Square 18 

Relics of llevolutionary Times 26 

Religious Publication Societies 85 

Streets, names of, etc 8 

Steamship Lines 13 

Street Cars and Lines 15, 123, 124 

Scenery of Fairmount Park 37 

Size of Exhibition Buildings 38 

Secret Societies' Halls 68 

St. John's Lutheran Church ; 81 

Tea Importation Resisted 26 

Theatres 95 

U. S. Government Building 45 

U. S. Mint 49 

U.S. Custom House 50 

U. S. Appraiser's Storehouse 51 

U. S. Naval Asylum 62 

U. S. Arsenal 62 

Wharves of Steamship Lines 13 

Washington Square 17 

Waterworks of Philadelphia 34, 54 

Women's (Exhibition) Building 44 

Western Union Telegraph Office 47 

Zoological Gardens 88, 93 



MEMORANDA. 



MEMORANDA. 



MEMORANDA. 



MEMORANDA. 



MEMORANDA. 



MEMORANDA. 



MEMORANDA. 



MEMORANDA. 



MEMORANDA. 



MEMORANDA. 



PIMCE, FIFT^iT CE]NTS, 



THE 



OEMTENNIAL 



VISITO 



ANION 



j^isriD 



G[uide 




o 



ok. 



By L. A. SIMMOISrS. 



ST. LOUIS : 

OLIVER ADAMS & CO., PRINTERS, 16 SOUTH FIFTH STREET. 

1876. 



L.A.SIMMONS. 



V. T. CEAW'FOKD, 

No/ari/. Public. 



SlllOiS I SMWf Oil, 
ATTORNEYS AT LAW, 

Office, Rooniis 14 and 15, 

Blfi Qkmtmmt ' $Mm@t^ 

ST. XiOTJIS. 

Second Floor, Bircher Building, opposite Laclede Hotel. 




THE CENTENNIAL 



fisito'sCipaniiiiliiiiietoL 




By L. A. SIMMONS. 



,R Adams & Co., St. Louis, Mo., Publishers. 
'ar type. 



150 pages, 12mo. In large. 



lontains a description of all places of^ special -and 
lorical interest in and about Philadelphia, including 
the Centennial Grounds, Buildings, etc.; a fine map of 
Philadelphia ; the precise location by streets arid num- 
)ers of all Hotels, Colleges, Banks, Churches, Depots, 
Jtc. , etc. Also directions from Depots to Hotels ; from 
IHotels to Centennial Grounds, etc., by the street cars. 
An interesting book for all, and indispensable to the 
visitors of the Great International Exhibition and Cen- 
tennial ' Celebration. 

JPBICM, FIFTY CFNTS, 

Booksellers can order from the undersigned, or the S^t. 
Louis Book and News Co., St. Louis, Mo., or the Wes- 
tern Union News Co., Chicago, Ills. A liberal discount 
to Booksellers and Clubs. Single copies sent postpaid 
,:to any address on receipt of price. Address, 

L. A. & H. W. SIMMONS, 

P. O.'.Box 2524, St. Louis, Mo. 




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